01 Go Web基础_20240728 课程笔记

概述

如果您没有Golang的基础，应该学习如下前置课程。
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基础不好的同学每节课的代码最好配合视频进行阅读和学习，如果基础比较扎实，则阅读本教程巩固一下相关知识点即可，遇到不会的知识点再看视频。

视频课程

最近发现越来越多的公司在用Golang了，所以精心整理了一套视频教程给大家，这个是其中的第3部，后续还会有很多。

视频已经录制完成，完整目录截图如下：
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课程目录

01 第一个Web程序.mp4
02 默认的多路复用器.mp4
03 自定义多路复用器.mp4
04 配置读写超时时间.mp4
05 httprouter库的介绍和安装.mp4
06 httprouter的第一个使用案例.mp4
07 使用httprouter提取路径参数.mp4
08 复现浏览器跨域的问题.mp4
09 使用httprouter分发二级域名.mp4
10 使用httprouter挂载静态文件目录.mp4
11 使用httprouter进行全局异常捕获.mp4
12 将httprouter的代码下载到本地.mp4
13 使用本地化的httprouter.mp4
14 给本地化的httprouter打标签.mp4
15 使用指定标签的本地化httprouter.mp4
16 带参数的自定义处理器.mp4
17 获取请求信息.mp4

每节课的代码

01 第一个Web程序.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http"
)func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello world!")
}func main() {server := &http.Server{Addr: "0.0.0.0:8888",}http.HandleFunc("/", hello)server.ListenAndServe()
}

02 默认的多路复用器.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http"
)// 定义多个处理器
type handle1 struct{}
type handle2 struct{}func (h *handle1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle1")
}
func (h *handle2) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle2")
}func main() {server := &http.Server{Addr:    "0.0.0.0:8888",Handler: nil, // 表示使用默认的多路复用器DefaultServerMux}// http.Handle 调用多路复用器的DefaultServerMux.Handle() 方法http.Handle("/handle1", &handle1{})http.Handle("/handle2", &handle2{})server.ListenAndServe()
}

03 自定义多路复用器.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http"
)// 定义多个处理器
type handle1 struct{}
type handle2 struct{}func (h *handle1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle1")
}
func (h *handle2) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle2")
}func main() {// 自定义多路复用器mux := http.NewServeMux()mux.Handle("/handle1", &handle1{})mux.Handle("/handle2", &handle2{})server := &http.Server{Addr:    "0.0.0.0:8888",Handler: mux, // 表示使用默认的多路复用器DefaultServerMux}server.ListenAndServe()
}

04 配置读写超时时间.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""time"
)// 定义多个处理器
type handle1 struct{}
type handle2 struct{}func (h *handle1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {time.Sleep(6 * time.Second)fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle1")
}
func (h *handle2) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "handle2")
}func main() {// 自定义多路复用器mux := http.NewServeMux()mux.Handle("/handle1", &handle1{})mux.Handle("/handle2", &handle2{})server := &http.Server{Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",Handler:      mux, // 表示使用默认的多路复用器DefaultServerMuxReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,}server.ListenAndServe()
}

05 httprouter库的介绍和安装.mp4

06 httprouter的第一个使用案例.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter""net/http""time"
)func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n")
}
func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name"))
}func main() {router := httprouter.New()router.GET("/", Index)router.GET("/hello/:name", Hello)server := &http.Server{Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",Handler:      router,ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,}server.ListenAndServe()
}

07 使用httprouter提取路径参数.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter""net/http""time"
)func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n")
}
func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name"))
}func main() {router := httprouter.New()router.GET("/", Index)router.GET("/hello/:name", Hello)server := &http.Server{Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",Handler:      router,ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,}server.ListenAndServe()
}

08 复现浏览器跨域的问题.mp4

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>// const axios = require('axios');// 向给定ID的用户发起请求axios.get('http://127.0.0.1:8888/').then(function (response) {// 处理成功情况console.log(response);}).catch(function (error) {// 处理错误情况console.log(error);}).finally(function () {// 总是会执行});
</script>
</body>
</html>

09 使用httprouter分发二级域名.mp4

package mainimport ("github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter""log""net/http"
)// HostMap 域名映射字典
type HostMap map[string]http.Handlerfunc (hs HostMap) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {//根据域名获取对应的Handler路由，然后调用处理（分发机制）if handler := hs[r.Host]; handler != nil {handler.ServeHTTP(w, r)} else {http.Error(w, "Forbidden", 403)}
}func main() {userRouter := httprouter.New()userRouter.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p httprouter.Params) {w.Write([]byte("sub1"))})dataRouter := httprouter.New()dataRouter.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {w.Write([]byte("sub2"))})//分别用于处理不同的二级域名hs := make(HostMap)hs["sub1.localhost:8888"] = userRouterhs["sub2.localhost:8888"] = dataRouterlog.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8888", hs))
}

10 使用httprouter挂载静态文件目录.mp4

package mainimport ("github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter""log""net/http"
)func main() {router := httprouter.New()router.ServeFiles("/static/*filepath", http.Dir("c01_hello"))log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8888", router))
}

11 使用httprouter进行全局异常捕获.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter""log""net/http"
)func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {panic("error")
}func main() {router := httprouter.New()router.GET("/", Index)// 全局异常捕获router.PanicHandler = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v interface{}) {w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)fmt.Fprintf(w, "全局异常捕获：%v", v)}log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8888", router))
}

12 将httprouter的代码下载到本地.mp4

13 使用本地化的httprouter.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter""net/http""time"
)func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n")
}func main() {router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()router.GET("/", Index)server := &http.Server{Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",Handler:      router,ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,}server.ListenAndServe()
}

14 给本地化的httprouter打标签.mp4

15 使用指定标签的本地化httprouter.mp4

16 带参数的自定义处理器.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""time"
)type HelloHandler struct {Name string
}func (h HelloHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %s!", h.Name)
}func main() {mux := http.NewServeMux()mux.Handle("/", HelloHandler{"张三"})server := &http.Server{Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",Handler:      mux,ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,}server.ListenAndServe()
}

17 获取请求信息.mp4

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""strings"
)func request(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Println("HTTP方法 method", r.Method)fmt.Println("RequestURI是被客户端发送到服务端的请求的请求行中未修改的请求URI RequestURI:", r.RequestURI)// URL类型,下方分别列出URL的各成员fmt.Println("URL_path", r.URL.Path)fmt.Println("URL_RawQuery", r.URL.RawQuery)fmt.Println("URL_Fragment", r.URL.Fragment)// 协议版本fmt.Println("proto", r.Proto)fmt.Println("protomajor", r.ProtoMajor)fmt.Println("protominor", r.ProtoMinor)// HTTP请求的头域for k, v := range r.Header {for _, vv := range v {fmt.Println("header key:" + k + "  value:" + vv)}}// 判断是否multipart方式isMultipart := falsefor _, v := range r.Header["Content-Type"] {if strings.Index(v, "multipart/form-data") != -1 {isMultipart = true}}// 解析bodyif isMultipart == true {r.ParseMultipartForm(128)fmt.Println("解析方式:ParseMultipartForm")} else {r.ParseForm()fmt.Println("解析方式:ParseForm")}// body内容长度fmt.Println("ContentLength", r.ContentLength)// 是否在回复请求后关闭连接fmt.Println("Close", r.Close)// HOStfmt.Println("host", r.Host)// 该请求的来源地址fmt.Println("RemoteAddr", r.RemoteAddr)fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, let's go!") //这个写入到w的是输出到客户端的
}func main() {http.HandleFunc("/", request)http.ListenAndServe(":8888", nil)
}

代码截图

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总结

本套教程主要讲解Go Web开发的基础知识，特别是讲解了httprouter的用法以及本地化方法，比附上了完整的实战代码。

通过本套课程，能帮你入门Go Web开发，写一些简单的Web程序。

如果您需要完整的源码，打赏20元即可。

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