更换Linux的下载源站点(基于Ubuntu)
换源的动机
有时候在Linux上下载软件非常慢，这个时候可以考虑切换Linux的下载源站点至国内的某镜像站点。
注：这里所谓的“源站点”，就是软件包管理器(如Debian/Ubuntu中的apt)获取软件(包)和更新内容的站点。镜像站点的意思将源中的内容拷贝一份放到另外一个站点，那么这个站点就是原来站点的镜像站点。
换源的操作
-
将
/etc/apt/目录下的source.list备份(虽然未来大概率不会用回以前的源配置，但是一般我们更改配置会对原来的配置作备份，这是一种安全意识的体现，以免我们的更改配置操作失误然后系统崩溃了)sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources_copy.list -
添加编辑
/etc/apt/sources.list文件的权限sudo chmod 777 /etc/apt/sources.list -
修改
/etc/apt/sources.list文件-
先打开该文件(也不一定非要用vim，可以用其他编辑器，看个人喜好)
vim /etc/apt/sources.list -
然后清空该文件内容（用vim的操作）
- 按两下gg到第一行
- 按shift + v选中第一行
- 按shfit + G从第一行选中到最后一行
- 按d清空整个文件内容
-
重写该文件
根据你所使用的发行版复制下面的代码，然后回到文件中先按i进入编辑模式，再按ctrl + v粘贴。最后按Esc回到普通模式，再输入:wq敲回车退出即可。
如果你用的是Ubuntu18.04，将下面的内容复制粘贴
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse如果你用的是Ubuntu20.04，将下面的内容复制粘贴
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse如果你用的是Ubuntu22.04，将下面的内容复制粘贴
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse如果你用的是Ubuntu24.04，将下面的内容复制粘贴
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse注：每个版本的代码不同，通式是
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号 main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号 main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 发行版代号-proposed main restricted universe multiverse其中发行版代号通过命令
lsb_release -c查询，一些常见结果如下：- Ubuntu18.04是bionic
- Ubuntu20.04是focal
- Ubuntu22.04是jammy
- Ubuntu24.04是noble
-
命令详解
每行命令的格式是
<类型> <仓库地址> <该系统版本的某种软件包> <组件>
- 类型：
- deb：二进制软件包
- deb-src：源代码软件包
- 仓库地址:软件仓库的URL(国内知名镜像站点任选其一)
- 阿里云的Ubuntu镜像站点：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
- 清华大学的Ubuntu镜像站点：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
- 中科大的Ubuntu镜像站点：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
- 网易的Ubuntu镜像站点：http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
- 系统版本的某种软件包：
- 发行版代号：表示该系统版本的二进制软件包
- 发行版代号-security：表示该系统版本的安全更新包
- 发行版代号-updates：表示该系统版本的常规更新包
- 发行版代号-proposed：表示该系统版本的测试包
- 组件：
- main：官方支持的自由软件
- restricted：官方支持的受限软件(如版权限制)
- universe：社区维护的自由软件
- multiverse：第三方受限软件(如版权限制)