string容器
string构造函数
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string.h>
void test01() {string s1;//默认构造const char* str = "hello world";string s2(str);//传入char*cout << "s2=" << s2 << endl;string s3(s2);//传入stringcout << "s3=" << s3 << endl;string s4(5, 'a');//5个acout << "s4=" << s4 << endl;
}
int main() {test01();return 0;
}赋值操作
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string.h>
//赋值操作
void test() {string str1;str1 = "hello";//=赋值cout << str1 << endl;string str2;str2 = str1;cout << str2 << endl;string str3;str3 = 'a';//可以把单个字符赋值给字符串cout << str3 << endl;string str4;str4.assign("hello c++");//assign赋值cout << str4 << endl;string str5;str5.assign("study", 3);//把字符串的前3个字符赋值给str5cout << str5 << endl;string str6;str6.assign(str5);cout << str6 << endl;string str7;str7.assign(6, 'w');cout << str7 << endl;
}
int main() {test();return 0;
}字符串拼接
字符串末尾追加字符串
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string.h>
//字符串拼接
void test() {string s1="hello";s1 += " world";//追加字符串cout << s1 << endl;s1 += '!';//追加字符cout << s1 << endl;string s2 = " study";s1 += s2;//追加字符串cout << s1 << endl;s1.append(" up up");cout << s1 << endl;s1.append(" eat food", 3);//把前n个字符拼接进来cout << s1 << endl;s1.append(s2);cout << s1 << endl;s1.append(s2, 0, 2);//从第0个位置截取2个字符，追加上cout << s1 << endl;
}
int main() {test();return 0;
}string查找和替换
void test() {string s1 = "abcdefgcd";int pos = s1.find("cd");//3 返回d的位置。没有这个字串返回-1if (pos == -1) {cout << "未找到字符串" << endl;}else {cout << pos << endl;//pos=2 position 位置}//rfind//rfind从右往左查找，find从左往右查找pos = s1.rfind("cd");//7cout << pos << endl;
}//替换
void test02() {string s1 = "abcdefg";s1.replace(1, 3, "1111");//从1号位置起 3个字符，替换成1111cout << s1 << endl;//a1111efg
}string的字符串比较
void test() {string s1 = "hello";string s2 = "hello";if (s1.compare(s2) == 0)cout<<"相等" << endl;else if(s1.compare(s2) > 0)cout << "s1>s2" << endl;else if(s1.compare(s2)<0)cout << "s1<s2" << endl;
}string字符读取
void test() {string s1 = "hello";//cout << s1 << endl;for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++)cout << s1[i] << " ";cout << endl;for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++)cout << s1.at(i) << " ";s1[2] = 'a';//可以修改字符s1.at(1) = 'b';
}string插入和删除
void test() {string str = "hello";str.insert(1, "111");//插入111cout << str << endl;str.erase(1, 3);//删除111.从1号位置删除3个字符
}string字串
从字符串中获取想要的字串
void test02() {string email = "zhangsan@qq.com";//从邮箱中获取用户名int pos = email.find("@");cout << email.substr(0, pos) << endl;
}vector
相似于数组，也称为单端数组。
和数组不同的是，vector可以动态扩展
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>//vector头文件
//iterator迭代器
void printVector(vector<int>&v) {for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)cout << *it << " ";cout << endl;
}void test() {vector<int>v1;//默认构造 无参构造for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)v1.push_back(i);printVector(v1);//通过区间方式进行构造vector<int>v2(v1.begin(), v1.end());printVector(v2);//n个 elem方式构造vector<int>v3(3, 5);//3个5printVector(v3);//拷贝构造vector<int>v4(v3);printVector(v4);
}
int main() {test();return 0;
}vector赋值操作
void printVector(vector<int>& v) {for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)cout << *it << " ";cout << endl;
}void test() {vector<int>v1;for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)v1.push_back(i);printVector(v1);//operator= 赋值vector <int>v2;v2 = v1;printVector(v2);//assignvector<int>v3;v3.assign(v1.begin(), v1.end());printVector(v3);//n个 elem方式赋值vector<int>v4;v4.assign(5, 100);//5个100printVector(v4);
}vector容器 容量和大小
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>//vector头文件void printVector(vector<int>& v) {for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)cout << *it << " ";cout << endl;
}
void test() {vector<int>v1;for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {v1.push_back(i);}printVector(v1);if (v1.empty())cout << "v1为空" << endl;else {cout << "v1不为空" << endl;cout << v1.capacity() << endl;cout << v1.size() << endl;}//重新指定大小 v1.resize(15,100);//指定用100填充 v1.resize(15); printVector(v1);//如果重新指定的比原来长，默认用0填充v1.resize(5);//指定的比原来短,超出的部分会删掉printVector(v1);
}int main() {test();return 0;
}插入和删除
void test() {vector<int>v1;//尾插v1.push_back(10);v1.push_back(20);v1.push_back(30);v1.push_back(40);v1.push_back(50);//遍历printVector(v1);//尾删v1.pop_back();printVector(v1);//插入 第一个参数是迭代器v1.insert(v1.begin(), 100);//起始迭代器printVector(v1);v1.insert(v1.begin(), 2, 1000);//在起始迭代器处插入2个1000printVector(v1);//删除v1.erase(v1.begin());//在起始迭代器处删除printVector(v1);//清空//v.clear();v1.erase(v1.begin(), v1.end());//提供一个区间printVector(v1);
}vector数据存取
void test() {vector<int>v1;for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {v1.push_back(i);//尾插法}for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++) {cout << v1[i] << " ";}cout << endl;for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)cout << v1.at(i) << " ";cout << endl;//获取第一个元素cout << v1.front() << endl;//获取最后一个元素cout << v1.back() << endl;
}vector互换容器
void test() {vector<int>v;int num = 0;//统计开辟次数int* p = NULL;for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {v.push_back(i);if (p != &v[0]) {p = &v[0];num++;}}cout << num << endl;
}deque容器
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<deque>
void printDeque(const deque<int>&d) {for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)cout << *it << " ";cout << endl;
}
void test() {deque<int>d1;for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){d1.push_back(i);//插数}printDeque(d1);deque<int>d2(d1.begin(), d1.end());printDeque(d2);deque<int>d3(5, 100);printDeque(d3);deque<int>d4(d3);printDeque(d4);
}
int main() {test();return 0;
}赋值
void printDeque(const deque<int>&d) {//const使其只读for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)cout << *it << " ";cout << endl;
}
void test() {deque<int>d1;for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {d1.push_back(i);}printDeque(d1);//operator= 赋值deque<int>d2;d2 = d1;printDeque(d2);//assign 赋值deque<int>d3;d3.assign(d1.begin(), d1.end());printDeque(d3);deque<int>d4;d4.assign(5, 6);printDeque(d4);
}deque容器大小
void test() {deque<int>d1;for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)d1.push_back(i);if (d1.empty())cout << "d1为空" << endl;else {cout << "d1不为空" << endl;cout << d1.size() << endl;//deque没有容量的概念，可以无限放//重新指定大小//d1.resize(15);d1.resize(15, 3);//多的用3填充printDeque(d1);}
}deque容器的插入和删除
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<deque>
void printDeque(const deque<int>d) {//const防止误修改for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)cout << *it << " ";cout << endl;
}
void test() {deque<int>d1;//尾插d1.push_back(10);d1.push_back(20);//头插d1.push_front(30);d1.push_front(40);printDeque(d1);//40 30 10 20//尾删d1.pop_back();printDeque(d1);//40 30 10//头删d1.pop_front();printDeque(d1);//30 10
}void test02() {deque<int>d1;//尾插d1.push_back(10);d1.push_back(20);//头插d1.push_front(30);d1.push_front(40);printDeque(d1);//40 30 10 20//insert插入d1.insert(d1.begin(), 1000);printDeque(d1);//1000 40 30 10 20d1.insert(d1.begin(), 3, 9);printDeque(d1);//9 9 9 1000 40 30 10 20//删除指定位置deque<int>::iterator it = d1.begin();it+=5;d1.erase(it);printDeque(d1);//9 9 9 1000 40 10 20//按照区间的形式删除d1.erase(d1.begin(), it);//10 20printDeque(d1);//按照区间进行插入deque<int>d2;d2.push_back(1);d2.push_back(2);d2.push_back(3);d1.insert(d1.begin(), d2.begin(), d2.end());printDeque(d1);//1 2 3 10 20//清空d1.clear();printDeque(d1);//只剩一个换行了
}
int main() {test();test02();return 0;
}数据存取
void test() {deque<int>d1;d1.push_back(10);d1.push_back(20);d1.push_back(30);d1.push_front(100);d1.push_front(200);d1.push_front(300);//[]方式for (int i = 0; i < d1.size(); i++)cout << d1[i] << endl;//at方式for (int i = 0; i < d1.size(); i++)cout << d1.at(i) << endl;cout << "第一个元素：" << d1.front() << endl;cout << "最后一个元素：" << d1.back() << endl;
}