在Spring Boot中集成RabbitMQ可以非常方便地实现消息的发送和接收。下面将简要介绍如何配置Spring Boot应用以使用RabbitMQ进行消息的发送与消费。
1. 添加依赖
首先，在你的pom.xml文件中添加Spring Boot对RabbitMQ的支持：
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2. 配置RabbitMQ连接
在application.properties或application.yml中配置RabbitMQ的连接信息：
# application.properties
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
或者，如果你使用的是YAML格式：
# application.yml
spring:rabbitmq:host: localhostport: 5672username: guestpassword: guest
3. 定义消息队列、交换器和绑定
你可以通过Java配置来定义队列、交换器以及它们之间的绑定关系。例如：
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {public static final String MESSAGE_QUEUE = "messageQueue";public static final String MESSAGE_EXCHANGE = "messageExchange";public static final String ROUTING_KEY = "routingKey";@Beanpublic Queue queue() {return new Queue(MESSAGE_QUEUE, true);}@Beanpublic TopicExchange exchange() {return new TopicExchange(MESSAGE_EXCHANGE);}@Beanpublic Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(ROUTING_KEY);}
}
4. 发送消息
创建一个服务类来发送消息到RabbitMQ：
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public class SenderService {private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Autowiredpublic SenderService(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;}public void sendMessage(String message) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.MESSAGE_EXCHANGE, RabbitConfig.ROUTING_KEY, message);}
}
5. 接收消息
创建一个监听器来接收来自RabbitMQ的消息：
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class ReceiverService {@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.MESSAGE_QUEUE)public void receiveMessage(String message) {System.out.println("Received Message: " + message);}
}
6. 测试
最后，你可以通过调用SenderService中的sendMessage方法来测试消息是否能够成功发送，并且ReceiverService中的receiveMessage方法是否能够接收到消息。