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项目：构建高可用、负载均衡的高效Web服务器

2024/12/21 22:59:55 来源：https://blog.csdn.net/hotslow/article/details/141902788  浏览:  次   关键词：项目：构建高可用、负载均衡的高效Web服务器

一、项目需求

实现高可用，防止单点故障，实现负载均衡

负载均衡：将流量分摊给一个或多个后端服务器，提高公司业务的可用性、方便业务后期的水平动态扩展。

二、项目描述

本项目旨在构建一个集高可用性、负载均衡、高效Web服务及缓存技术于一体的综合解决方案， 以显著提升Web应用的可靠性、性能和响应速度。通过精细规划和实施，我们成功搭建了一个能够应对高并 发访问、确保业务连续性的Web应用架构。

三、设备要求

准备四台主机

1.准备两台主机实现keepalived+haproxy

第一台主机：

  • 主机名：ka1.lm.org
  • IP1为172.25.254.30

第二台主机：

  • 主机名：ka2.lm.org
  • IP2为172.25.254.40

2.准备两台主机作为后端服务器（realserver）

第一台主机：

  • 主机名：realserver1.lm.org
  • IP1：172.25.254.101

第二台主机：

  • 主机名：realserver2.lm.org
  • IP2：172.25.254.102

四、搭建

4.1 基础设置

注：四台主机都需同样的操作，也可以准备好一台主机，再克隆，修改IP，hostname即可

1.配置网络

ka1：

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 172.25.254.30/24
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.gateway 172.25.254.2
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual 
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 connection.autoconnect yes
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up ens160 
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/12)

ka2： 

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection 
connection]
id=ens160
type=ethernet
interface-name=ens160[ethernet][ipv4]
address1=172.25.254.40/24,172.25.254.2
dns=114.114.114.114;
method=manual[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=eui64
method=auto[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection reload 
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up ens160

注意：分别使用两种方式更改IP

realserver1：172.25.254.101

realserver2：172.25.254.102

使用上面的方式修改IP

2.配置软件仓库

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /rhel9
[root@localhost ~]# echo /dev/sr0 /rhel9 >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /rhel9
mount: /rhel9: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.

3.设置主机名和本地解析

[root@ka1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ka1.lm.org
[root@ka2 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ka2.lm.org

4.2 搭建高可用负载均衡集群

1.安装keepalived，haproxy

ka1，ka2主机都需此操作

[root@ka1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ka1
[root@ka1 ~]# dnf install -y keepalived
[root@ka1 ~]# dnf install -y haproxy
# 开机自启
[root@ka1 ~]# systemctl enable --now haproxy
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/haproxy.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service.
[root@ka1 ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

2.修改keepalived和haproxy配置文件

ka1

[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
global_defs {notification_email {3041609716@qq.com}notification_email_from keepalived@lm.orgsmtp_server 127.0.0.1smtp_connect_timeout 30router_id ka1.lm.orgvrrp_skip_check_adv_addr#vrrp_strictvrrp_garp_interval 0vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy {script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/haproxy.sh"interval 1weight -30fall 2rise 2timeout 2
}
vrrp_instance web1 {state MASTERinterface ens160virtual_router_id 100priority 100advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.100 dev ens160 label ens160:1}track_script {check_haproxy}
}
vrrp_instance web2 {state SLAVEinterface ens160virtual_router_id 200priority 80advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.200 dev ens160 label ens160:2}track_script {check_haproxy}
}[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
listen webcluster1bind 172.25.254.100:80server web1 172.25.254.101:80 checkserver web2 172.25.254.102:80 check
listen webcluster2bind 172.25.254.200:80server web1 172.25.254.101:80 checkserver web2 172.25.254.102:80 check

ka2

# 40
[root@ka2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
global_defs {notification_email {3041609716@qq.com}notification_email_from keepalived@lm.orgsmtp_server 127.0.0.1smtp_connect_timeout 30router_id ka1.lm.orgvrrp_skip_check_adv_addr#vrrp_strictvrrp_garp_interval 0vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy {script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/haproxy.sh"interval 1weight -30fall 2rise 2timeout 2
}
vrrp_instance web1 {state SLAVEinterface ens160virtual_router_id 100priority 80advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.100/24 dev ens160 label ens160:1}track_script {check_haproxy}
}
vrrp_instance web2 {state MASTERinterface ens160virtual_router_id 200priority 100advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.200 dev ens160 label ens160:2}track_script {check_haproxy}
}
[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
listen webcluster1bind 172.25.254.100:80server web1 172.25.254.101:80 checkserver web2 172.25.254.102:80 check
listen webcluster2bind 172.25.254.200:80server web1 172.25.254.101:80 checkserver web2 172.25.254.102:80 check

3.修改内核参数

[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@ka1 ~]# sysctl -p
[root@ka2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@ka2 ~]# sysctl -p

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname realserver1
[root@realserver1 ~]# dnf install -y nginx
[root@realserver1 ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@realserver1 ~]# echo 172.25.254.101 > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@realserver1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.101
172.25.254.101

4.3 后端服务器设置

realserver1，realserver2都是几乎相同的操作


[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname realserver1
[root@realserver1 ~]# dnf install -y nginx
[root@realserver1 ~]# echo 172.25.254.101 > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@realserver1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.101
172.25.254.101[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname realserver2
[root@realserver2 ~]# dnf install -y nginx
[root@realserver2 ~]# echo 172.25.254.102 > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@realserver2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.102
172.25.254.102

 4.4 测试

[root@ka1 ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef1:9875  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:f1:98:75  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 3109  bytes 211759 (206.7 KiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 3775  bytes 227206 (221.8 KiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0ens160:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.100  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 00:0c:29:f1:98:75  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.102
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.101
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.102
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.101
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.102
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.101
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.102

[root@ka2 ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.40  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed5:289d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:d5:28:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 306952  bytes 22903523 (21.8 MiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 560789  bytes 37705879 (35.9 MiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0ens160:2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.200  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 00:0c:29:d5:28:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.101
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.102
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.101
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.102
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.101
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.102
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.101
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.101
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.102
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.101
[root@ka2 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.102

模拟故障：

关闭ka1的keepalived

[root@ka1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@ka1 ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef1:9875  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:f1:98:75  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 927274  bytes 72325472 (68.9 MiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 1854187  bytes 129793327 (123.7 MiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[root@ka2 ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.40  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed5:289d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:d5:28:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 683628  bytes 53310970 (50.8 MiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 1365919  bytes 95613730 (91.1 MiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0ens160:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 00:0c:29:d5:28:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)ens160:2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.200  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 00:0c:29:d5:28:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)# 即使发生故障，依然可以成功访问
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.102
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.101
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.102
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.101
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.102
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.101
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.102
[root@ka1 ~]# curl 172.25.254.200
172.25.254.101

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