STS中开发步骤
建普通jsp项目过程
1.建项目(非Maven项目)
new----project----other----Web----Dynamic Web Project
2.下载包放到LIB目录中,如果是Maven项目可以自动导包(pom.xml中设置好)
3.设置工作空间,网页的编码(我常用UTF-8)
3.分层(dao,vo,servlet…)
一个构建maven项目的过程
《1》
《2》
《3》配置maven
《4》下图中,爆红,是因为,Dynamic Web Module模式版本太低了,现在我们都3.x了,这里还是2.5,如下面第二图所示。
处理办法:
先去掉那个勾选,再点应用(apply),选勾选3.1版本,同时到下面点击’Further configuration available…',我们勾选Generate web.xml。。。,让项目自建web.xml文件。
《5》,build path,即增加jdk库,apache库
一个自已写的settings.xml,里面没有设置从远程仓库上传,下载功能,只设了阿里云下载镜像包。对IDEA 也适用,
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"><localRepository>C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\maven\repository</localRepository><pluginGroups><pluginGroup>org.codehaus.plugins</pluginGroup></pluginGroups><proxies></proxies><mirrors><mirror><id>aliyunmaven</id><name>aliyun maven</name><url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url><mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf></mirror> </mirrors>
<profiles>
<!--jdk版本一劳永逸的改法,因为系统默认为1.5版,太扯了--><profile><id>jdk-1.8</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault><jdk>jdk1.8</jdk></activation><properties><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion></properties></profile></profiles>
<!--激活下载仓库预文件--><activeProfiles><activeProfile>myProfile</activeProfile></activeProfiles>
</settings>
jsp-servlet验证码开发
1.index.jsp嵌入由下面的servlet生成的图片并刷新可重新获得验证码
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>登录界面</title><script>function reloadCode() {var time=new Date().getTime();document.getElementById("imagecode").src="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/servlet/ImageServlet?date="+time;}/* js部分的Date相关是防止浏览器缓存后不能正常刷新,添加时间的唯一性来实现能够及时刷新和展示。js 部分可以参阅:JavaScript 语言入门也可以在ImageServlet中添加防止浏览器缓存的语句:response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");*/</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/servlet/ValidateServlet" method="get" >请您输入账号:<input type="text" name="account" /><BR>请您输入密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><BR>验证码:<input type="text" name="checkCode"/><br/><img alt="验证码" id="imagecode" src="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/servlet/ImageServlet"/><a href="javascript:reloadCode();">看不清楚</a><br><br/><input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
2.Servelt生成验证码图片
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(68, 22, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);//创建图像缓冲区Graphics g = bi.getGraphics(); //通过缓冲区创建一个画布Color c = new Color(200, 150, 255); //创建颜色g.setColor(c); //为画布创建背景颜色g.fillRect(0, 0, 68, 22); //填充矩形char[] ch = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".toCharArray();//转化为字符型的数组Random r = new Random();int len = ch.length;int index; //index用于存放随机数字StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {index = r.nextInt(len); //产生随机数字g.setColor(new Color(r.nextInt(88), r.nextInt(188), r.nextInt(255))); //设置颜色g.drawString(ch[index] + "", (i * 15) + 3, 18); //画数字以及数字的位置sb.append(ch[index]);}request.getSession().setAttribute("piccode", sb.toString());ImageIO.write(bi, "JPG", response.getOutputStream());}
}
3.Servlet逻辑判断验证是否正确,再进行相应的跳转
public class ValidateServlet extends HttpServlet {public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//解决乱码问题//得到提交的验证码String code = request.getParameter("checkCode");//获取session中的验证码HttpSession session = request.getSession();String randStr = (String)session.getAttribute("piccode");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();if(!code.equals(randStr)){out.println("验证码错误!");}else{out.println("验证码正确!跳转到LoginServlet......");} out.flush();//将流刷新out.close();//将流关闭}public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {this.doGet(request, response); }
}
4.测试
我首先:生成验证码图片看看
http://localhost/yanzhengma/index.jsp
然后,测试提交效果。
JFreeChart开发图片报表
在web开发过程中,经常需要将数据以比较直观的方式显示出来,此时报表能够起到很好的作用。
JAVA技术报表的代表产品有:JFreeChart,JasperReports,iReport,FineReport,iText等。
下载JFreeChart包
https://sourceforge.net/projects/jfreechart/
下载后解压:到解压的文件目录的lib下复制如下两个文件到WebContent目录WEB-INF的lib目录下
1.web.xml
<servlet><servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name><url-pattern>/DisplayChart</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
1.1开发柱状报表
《1》。实例化数据集org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset类
《2》,添加数据给DefaultCategoryDatase对象,当然也可以从数据库中查询
datase.addValue(value1,value2,value3);
value1为纵坐标的值,value2是纵坐标中的各个项目的种类,value3是横坐标中各个项目的种类。实际上,value1即为人数数据,value2可以为NULL,因为纵坐标没有对人数进行细分。
《3》。通过工厂类org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory创建柱状报表。
JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart(value1,value2,value3,value4,value5,false,false,false);
各参数的意义如下
value1:表示柱状报表的标题,
value2:表示柱状表的横坐标名称,如“成绩”
value3:表示。。。。纵坐标的名称,如‘人数’
value4:数据集
value5:表示的是所作之图是水平还是坚直,可以用org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation的常量表示.VERTICAL 和 .HORIZONTAL
《4》。用org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities将chart保存为图片,确定宽,高,并确定保存的范围(一般session)然后组图片路径。
String filename = ServeltUtilities.saveChartAsPng(chart,width,height,session);
String graphUrl = "/项目名/DisplayChart?filename="+filename;
《5》设置中文体体,在jsp页面中显示图片
Font font = new Font("隶书", Font.PLAIN, 20);StandardChartTheme stheme=new StandardChartTheme("CN"); stheme.setExtraLargeFont(font); //设置标题字体stheme.setLargeFont(new Font("宋书",Font.PLAIN,20)); //设置轴向字体stheme.setRegularFont(font); //设置图例字体ChartFactory.setChartTheme(stheme); //应用字体功能
jsp页中显示图片
<img src="<%=graphURL%"></img>
案例:显示男女成绩分布报表
<%@page import="org.jfree.data.general.DatasetUtilities"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.StandardChartTheme"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory,java.awt.*"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>柱状报表2美化了</title>
</head><body><%double[][] data = new double[][]{{1,2},{3,5},{7,5},{7,8},{2,6}};String[] rowKeys = new String[]{"优秀","良好","中等","及格","不及格"};String[] columnKeys = {"男","女"};Font font = new Font("隶书", Font.PLAIN, 20);StandardChartTheme stheme=new StandardChartTheme("CN"); stheme.setExtraLargeFont(font); //设置标题字体stheme.setLargeFont(new Font("宋书",Font.PLAIN,20)); //设置轴向字体stheme.setRegularFont(font); //设置图例字体ChartFactory.setChartTheme(stheme); CategoryDataset dataset = DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys,columnKeys,data);JFreeChart chart =ChartFactory.createBarChart3D("考试成绩统计表(按性别)","成绩","人数",dataset,PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,true,false,false); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart,600,400,session);String graphURL = "/jfreechart/DisplayChart?filename="+filename;%>
<img src="<%=graphURL %>">
</body>
</html>
测试 http://localhost:8080/jfreechart/barchar2.jsp
1.2开发饼状报表
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>饼状报表</title>
</head>
<body><%DefaultPieDataset dataset = new DefaultPieDataset();dataset.setValue("优秀",0.45);dataset.setValue("良好",0.3);dataset.setValue("中等",0.1);dataset.setValue("及格",0.05);dataset.setValue("不及格",0.1);Font font = new Font("隶书", Font.PLAIN, 20);StandardChartTheme stheme=new StandardChartTheme("CN"); stheme.setExtraLargeFont(font); //设置标题字体stheme.setLargeFont(new Font("宋书",Font.PLAIN,20)); //设置轴向字体stheme.setRegularFont(font); //设置图例字体ChartFactory.setChartTheme(stheme); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createPieChart3D("考试成绩统计图",dataset,true,false,false);String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart,600,400,session);String graphURL = "/jfreechart/DisplayChart?filename="+filename;%><img src="<%=graphURL %>"></img>
</body>
</html>
1.3曲线报表
下面是双曲线,单曲线只要减少一个TimeSeries对象即可。
@page import="org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.title.TextTitle"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.data.time.Month"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeries"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeriesCollection"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory"%>
<%@page import="java.awt.*"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.StandardChartTheme"%>
<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><html>
<head><title>曲线图报表</title>
</head>
<body>
<%TimeSeriesCollection lineDataset = new TimeSeriesCollection();TimeSeries timeSeries = new TimeSeries("熊少文",Month.class);timeSeries.add(new Month(1,2024),85);timeSeries.add(new Month(2,2024),76);timeSeries.add(new Month(3,2024),65);timeSeries.add(new Month(4,2024),80);timeSeries.add(new Month(5,2024),66);timeSeries.add(new Month(6,2024),72);timeSeries.add(new Month(7,2024),83);timeSeries.add(new Month(8,2024),88);timeSeries.add(new Month(9,2024),85);timeSeries.add(new Month(10,2024),74);timeSeries.add(new Month(11,2024),78);timeSeries.add(new Month(12,2024),63);lineDataset.addSeries(timeSeries);TimeSeries timeSeries2 = new TimeSeries("徐会凤",Month.class);timeSeries2.add(new Month(1,2024),98);timeSeries2.add(new Month(2,2024),95);timeSeries2.add(new Month(3,2024),89);timeSeries2.add(new Month(4,2024),88);timeSeries2.add(new Month(5,2024),86);timeSeries2.add(new Month(6,2024),82);timeSeries2.add(new Month(7,2024),93);timeSeries2.add(new Month(8,2024),98);timeSeries2.add(new Month(9,2024),85);timeSeries2.add(new Month(10,2024),74);timeSeries2.add(new Month(11,2024),78);timeSeries2.add(new Month(12,2024),83);lineDataset.addSeries(timeSeries2);JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart("每月考试成绩","月份","成绩",lineDataset,true,false,false);Font font = new Font("隶书", Font.PLAIN, 20);StandardChartTheme stheme=new StandardChartTheme("CN"); stheme.setExtraLargeFont(font); //设置标题字体stheme.setLargeFont(new Font("宋书",Font.PLAIN,20)); //设置轴向字体stheme.setRegularFont(font); //设置图例字体ChartFactory.setChartTheme(stheme);//设置子标题 TextTitle subTtitle = new TextTitle("2024年度");chart.addSubtitle(subTtitle);//设置主标题 chart.setTitle(new TextTitle("每月月考成绩"));chart.setAntiAlias(true);String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart,600,400,session);String graphURL =request.getContextPath()+"/DisplayChart?filename="+filename;%>
<img src="<%=graphURL%>">
</body>
</html>
iText开发动态PDF报表
pdf是由服务器生成的,不是客户端生成的。
该应用,我用maven项目来做,因为iText pdf java包太难自主下载了,我用maven自动下载。
-
新建一个maven工程 maventest
-
导包pom.xml
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId><artifactId>itext7-core</artifactId><version>7.1.9</version><type>pom</type></dependency></dependencies>
- 建一个jsp页面,创建一个空白文档
<%@page import="com.itextpdf.layout.Document"%>
<%@page import="com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfDocument"%>
<%@page import="com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfWriter"%>
<%@page import="com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.DocumentProperties"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body><%String des="C:\\";String dest = des+"sample.pdf";PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(dest);// 2、创建一个 PdfDocument,参数为PdfWriterPdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(writer);// 3、用PdfDocument创建一个空白 page pdfDoc.addNewPage();// 4、创建一个 Document,参数为PdfDocumentDocument document = new Document(pdfDoc);// 5、关闭 document,PdfDocumentdocument.close();pdfDoc.close();
%>
</body>
</html>