matplotlib是Python主要的科学绘图库，将数据及各种分析生可视化，如折线图、直方图、散点图等。安装时遇到点小问题，运行安装命令：pip3 install matplotlib ，提示安装成功了。但是引入该包时却提示错误：
ImportError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[11], line 1
----> 1 import matplotlib2 print(matplotlib.__version__)File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:159155 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version157 # cbook must import matplotlib only within function158 # definitions, so it is safe to import from it here.
--> 159 from . import _api, _version, cbook, _docstring, rcsetup160 from matplotlib.cbook import sanitize_sequence161 from matplotlib._api import MatplotlibDeprecationWarningFile /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/rcsetup.py:2826 from matplotlib.backends import BackendFilter, backend_registry27 from matplotlib.cbook import ls_mapper
---> 28 from matplotlib.colors import Colormap, is_color_like29 from matplotlib._fontconfig_pattern import parse_fontconfig_pattern30 from matplotlib._enums import JoinStyle, CapStyleFile /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/colors.py:5249 from numbers import Real50 import re
---> 52 from PIL import Image53 from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo55 import matplotlib as mplFile /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/Image.py:10091 MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = int(1024 * 1024 * 1024 // 4 // 3)94 try:95 # If the _imaging C module is not present, Pillow will not load.96 # Note that other modules should not refer to _imaging directly;97 # import Image and use the Image.core variable instead.98 # Also note that Image.core is not a publicly documented interface,99 # and should be considered private and subject to change.
--> 100 from . import _imaging as core102 if __version__ != getattr(core, "PILLOW_VERSION", None):103 raise ImportError(104 "The _imaging extension was built for another version of Pillow or PIL:\n"105 f"Core version: {getattr(core, 'PILLOW_VERSION', None)}\n"106 f"Pillow version: {__version__}"107 )ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so, 0x0002): tried: '/usr/local/mysql/lib/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so' (no such file), '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'x86_64', need 'arm64')), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so' (no such file), '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'x86_64', need 'arm64'))问题原因：本机安装的Pillow库与Python解释器或操作系统架构不兼容，版本太低了
重新安装Pillow，执行：pip3 install --upgrade --force-reinstall pillow来尝试重新安装Pillow。或者许先卸载：pip3 uninstall Pillow，再安装：pip3 install Pillow。
又出现新的报错：
ImportError Traceback (most recent call last)
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/Image.py:9691 msg = (92 "The _imaging extension was built for another version of Pillow or PIL:\n"93 f"Core version: {getattr(core, 'PILLOW_VERSION', None)}\n"94 f"Pillow version: {__version__}"95 )
---> 96 raise ImportError(msg)98 except ImportError as v:ImportError: The _imaging extension was built for another version of Pillow or PIL:
Core version: 10.3.0
Pillow version: 9.3.0During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[33], line 1
----> 1 import matplotlib as pl2 print("matplotlib version:{}".format(pl.__version__))File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:159155 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version157 # cbook must import matplotlib only within function158 # definitions, so it is safe to import from it here.
--> 159 from . import _api, _version, cbook, _docstring, rcsetup160 from matplotlib.cbook import sanitize_sequence161 from matplotlib._api import MatplotlibDeprecationWarningFile /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/rcsetup.py:2826 from matplotlib.backends import BackendFilter, backend_registry27 from matplotlib.cbook import ls_mapper
---> 28 from matplotlib.colors import Colormap, is_color_like29 from matplotlib._fontconfig_pattern import parse_fontconfig_pattern30 from matplotlib._enums import JoinStyle, CapStyleFile /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/colors.py:5249 from numbers import Real50 import re
---> 52 from PIL import Image53 from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo55 import matplotlib as mplFile /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/Image.py:9996 raise ImportError(msg)98 except ImportError as v:
---> 99 core = DeferredError.new(ImportError("The _imaging C module is not installed."))100 # Explanations for ways that we know we might have an import error101 if str(v).startswith("Module use of python"):102 # The _imaging C module is present, but not compiled for103 # the right version (windows only). Print a warning, if104 # possible.AttributeError: type object 'DeferredError' has no attribute 'new'问题原因：matplotlib安装时依赖的Pillow是9.3.0版本，现在Pillow包更新成最新的10.3.0版本，导致matplotlib与Pillow的版本不一致。
解决方案：重新安装matplotlib，先卸载：pip3 uninstall matplotlib，再安装：pip3 install matplotlib
问题这才解决。