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Markdown作为一种轻量级标记语言，已经成为开发者编写文档的首选工具之一。在Vue3项目中集成Markdown编辑和预览功能可以极大地提升内容管理体验。本文将介绍如何使用Vditor这一强大的开源Markdown编辑器在Vue3项目中实现这一功能。

一、Vditor简介

Vditor是一款浏览器端的Markdown编辑器，支持所见即所得（WYSIWYG）、即时渲染（IR）和分屏预览模式。它具有以下特点：

支持三种编辑模式：WYSIWYG、IR和SV
内置流程图、甘特图、时序图等图表支持
数学公式、音视频、代码高亮等丰富功能
高度可定制化的主题和工具栏
官网Vditor - 一款浏览器端的 Markdown 编辑器，支持所见即所得（富文本）、即时渲染（类似 Typora）和分屏预览模式 (b3log.org)

二、安装Vditor

在项目中安装Vditor：

npm install vditor --save

三、实现预览

Vdior中提供了专门的预览方法来针对不需要编辑仅需要展示markdown文档的场景

下面是我封装的一个预览组件

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, onMounted, watch } from "vue";
import VditorPreview from "vditor/dist/method.min";/*** Markdown预览组件* @component*/
const props = defineProps({/*** Markdown内容*/content: {type: String,required: true},/*** 预览选项*/options: {type: Object,default: () => ({})}
});/*** 预览容器引用*/
const previewRef = ref<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);/*** 默认预览配置*/
const defaultOptions = {cdn: "https://ld246.com/js/lib/vditor",mode: "dark",anchor: 1,hljs: {lineNumber: true,style: "github"},math: {inlineDigit: true,macros: {}},theme: {current: "dark"},lazyLoadImage: "//unpkg.com/vditor/dist/images/img-loading.svg"
};/*** 合并配置项*/
const mergedOptions = {...defaultOptions,...props.options
};/*** 渲染Markdown内容*/
const renderMarkdown = () => {if (previewRef.value) {VditorPreview.preview(previewRef.value, props.content, mergedOptions);}
};/*** 组件挂载完成后渲染Markdown*/
onMounted(() => {renderMarkdown();// 渲染其他特殊语法VditorPreview.mermaidRender(document);VditorPreview.codeRender(document);VditorPreview.mathRender(document);VditorPreview.abcRender(document);VditorPreview.chartRender(document);VditorPreview.mindmapRender(document);VditorPreview.graphvizRender(document);
});/*** 监听内容变化重新渲染*/
watch(() => props.content,() => {renderMarkdown();}
);
</script><template><div class="vditor-preview-container"><div ref="previewRef" class="vditor-preview" /></div>
</template><style scoped>
.vditor-preview-container {width: 100%;
}.vditor-preview {box-sizing: border-box;padding: 16px;color: #ccc;background-color: #1a1a1a;border-radius: 8px;
}:deep(.vditor-reset) {background: #1a1a1a;
}:deep(.vditor-reset h1),
:deep(.vditor-reset h2),
:deep(.vditor-reset h3),
:deep(.vditor-reset h4),
:deep(.vditor-reset h5),
:deep(.vditor-reset h6) {/* color: #06ad7e; */margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;font-weight: 600;border-bottom: none;
}:deep(.vditor-reset h3) {padding-bottom: 0.3em;font-size: 1.3em;
}:deep(.vditor-reset strong) {font-weight: 600;color: #fff;
}
</style>

使用：

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from "vue";
import VditorPreview from "@/components/markdown/VditorPreview.vue";
const chiefComplaint = ref("");
</script>
<template><VditorPreview:content="chiefComplaint":options="{mode: 'dark',theme: {current: 'dark'}}"/>
</template>

四、实现编辑

编辑组件按照Vditor文档来使用Vditor编辑器即可

<script setup lang="ts">
import "vditor/dist/index.css";
import Vditor from "vditor";
import { useIntervalFn } from "@vueuse/core";
import { onMounted, ref, watch, toRaw, onUnmounted } from "vue";const emit = defineEmits(["update:modelValue","after","focus","blur","esc","ctrlEnter","select"
]);const props = defineProps({options: {type: Object,default() {return {};}},modelValue: {type: String,default: ""},isDark:{type: Boolean,default: true},
});const editor = ref<Vditor | null>(null);
const markdownRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null);onMounted(() => {editor.value = new Vditor(markdownRef.value as HTMLElement, {...props.options,value: props.modelValue,cache: {enable: false},fullscreen: {index: 10000},toolbar: ["headings","bold","italic","strike","|","line","quote","list","ordered-list","|","check","insert-after","|","insert-before","undo","redo","link","|","table","br","fullscreen"],cdn: "https://ld246.com/js/lib/vditor",after() {emit("after", toRaw(editor.value));},input(value: string) {emit("update:modelValue", value);},focus(value: string) {emit("focus", value);},blur(value: string) {emit("blur", value);},esc(value: string) {emit("esc", value);},ctrlEnter(value: string) {emit("ctrlEnter", value);},select(value: string) {emit("select", value);}});
});watch(() => props.modelValue,newVal => {if (newVal !== editor.value?.getValue()) {editor.value?.setValue(newVal);}}
);watch(() => props.isDark,newVal => {const { pause } = useIntervalFn(() => {if (editor.value.vditor) {newVal? editor.value.setTheme("dark", "dark", "rose-pine"): editor.value.setTheme("classic", "light", "github");pause();}}, 20);}
);onUnmounted(() => {const editorInstance = editor.value;if (!editorInstance) return;try {editorInstance?.destroy?.();} catch (error) {console.log(error);}
});
</script><template><div ref="markdownRef" />
</template>

使用

 <Vditorv-model="chiefComplaintContent":options="{mode: 'ir',outline: { enable: false, position: 'right' },toolbarConfig: {pin: true}}"/>

五、高级功能实现

这些都是options中的配置项，如果需要使用，直接将其加入options对象中即可

1. 自定义工具栏

Vditor允许完全自定义工具栏配置。以下是一个精简版的工具栏配置：

toolbar: ['headings','bold','italic','strike','|','list','ordered-list','check','|','quote','code','inline-code','|','upload','|','undo','redo','|','fullscreen',
],

2. 图片上传处理

upload: {accept: 'image/*',handler(files) {// 这里实现上传逻辑const file = files[0];const formData = new FormData();formData.append('file', file);// 示例：使用axios上传axios.post('/api/upload', formData).then(response => {const url = response.data.url;editor.value.insertValue(`![图片描述](${url})`);}).catch(error => {console.error('上传失败:', error);});return false; // 阻止默认上传行为},
},

六、常见问题解决

1. 自定义样式

我采用的方式是给父容器加一个样式，然后不使用scope写css解决

<style lang="scss">
/* 自定义抽屉样式 */
.report-drawer .el-drawer__header {padding: 8px 20px !important;margin-bottom: 0 !important;font-size: 16px !important;color: #fff !important;border-bottom: 1px solid #383838 !important;
}.report-drawer .vditor-ir {overflow-x: hidden !important;
}.report-drawer .vditorv .ditor-toolbar {overflow-x: auto;
}.report-drawer .vditor--dark .vditor--fullscreen .ditor-toolbar {overflow-y: auto;
}.report-drawer .vditor--dark .vditor--fullscreen .ditor {height: 100% !important;
}/* Vditor的预览区域样式 */
.report-drawer .vditor-preview {overflow-x: hidden !important;}.report-drawer .vditor-ir pre.vditor-reset {max-height: 100vh !important;overflow-y: auto;padding: 0 60px !important;
}/* 按钮样式 */
.el-button {border-radius: 4px !important;
}
</style>

需要注意的是预览区域的样式和选择的模式有关，如果我设置的是ir，那么我预览区域的样式是.vditor-ir pre.vditor-reset

2.中文提示

Vditor的默认提示是英文的，可以设置中文：

new Vditor(editorContainer.value, {lang: 'zh_CN',// ...其他配置
});

3.cdn配置

在使用时可能会碰到css文件和js文件无法加载的情况，这是因为Vditor默认的cdn地址失效，需要在options中传入最新的可用cdn地址，目前可用的是https://ld246.com/js/lib/vditor

    cdn: "https://ld246.com/js/lib/vditor",