初始版本
初始版本，只存在基本数据结构——双向队列。
游戏思路
贪吃蛇通过不断得吃食物来增长自身，如果贪吃蛇碰到边界或者自身则游戏失败。
食物是绿色矩形来模拟，坐标为随机数生成，定义一个蛇长变量，判断蛇头坐标和食物坐标是否接近，如果蛇头接近食物，蛇长增加一个单位。
蛇结构体通过双向队列实现蛇的移动和增长。用pygame相应库函数读取键盘事件，每次事件发生都对应蛇头的相应方向，例如按键盘下键贪吃蛇向下走。蛇的移动是通过在队头添加一个新的坐标，然后删掉队尾元素实现的。队列的长度始终为蛇长变量的值。
得分变量为蛇长变量减去一个单位，初始化的时候蛇长就为1个单位长度，故而需要减1。
完整代码
import pygame
import randompygame.init()# 以RGB的形式定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)# 设置窗体大小
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇 KevenDuan1.0')# 创建clock对象
clock = pygame.time.Clock()# 蛇的宽度
snake_block = 15
# 蛇的速度
snake_speed = 15# 从系统库里获取字体
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)def Your_score(score):value = score_font.render("Score: " + str(score), True, yellow)# 在主surface里添加字体surfacedis.blit(value, [0, 0])def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):for x in snake_list:pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])def message(msg, color):mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width // 2 - 180, dis_height // 2])def gameLoop():game_over = Falsegame_close = Falsex1 = dis_width / 2y1 = dis_height / 2x1_change = 0y1_change = 0# 存放蛇的身体snake_List = []# 蛇的长度Length_of_snake = 1# 食物坐标随机生成foodx = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_width - snake_block, snake_block))foody = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_height - snake_block, snake_block))print(foodx, foody)while not game_over:while game_close == True:dis.fill(blue)message("Game over, press p again or q quit!", red)Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)# 修改得分pygame.display.update()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_q:game_over = Truegame_close = Falseif event.key == pygame.K_p:gameLoop()# 获取事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_over = Trueif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_a:x1_change = -snake_blocky1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == pygame.K_d:x1_change = snake_blocky1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_w:y1_change = -snake_blockx1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == pygame.K_s:y1_change = snake_blockx1_change = 0if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:# 判断为游戏失败game_close = Truex1 += x1_changey1 += y1_changedis.fill(blue)pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])snake_Head = []snake_Head.append(x1)snake_Head.append(y1)snake_List.append(snake_Head)# 贪吃蛇的移动if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:del snake_List[0]# 判断是否咬到自身for x in snake_List[:-1]:if x == snake_Head:game_close = True# 画蛇出来our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)# 更新画面pygame.display.update()# 判断蛇是否迟到食物if foodx - 10 <= x1 <= foodx + 10 and foody - 10 <= y1 <= foody + 10:foodx = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_width - snake_block, snake_block))foody = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_height - snake_block, snake_block))# print(foodx, foody)Length_of_snake += 1# 调节帧率来控制蛇的速度clock.tick(snake_speed)pygame.quit()quit()gameLoop()
代码讲解
使用的pygame和random两个库。Pygame是一种流行的Python游戏开发库，它提供了许多功能，使开发人员可以轻松创建2D游戏。它具有良好的跨平台支持，可以在多个操作系统上运行。random库是用来获取随机数的，后面使用其获取食物的随机坐标。
import pygame
import random
初始化一些后期用到的参数，以及初始化pygame，创建clock时钟对象。
# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()
# 以RGB的形式定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)# 设置窗体大小
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
# 设置窗体的名称
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇 KevenDuan1.0')# 创建clock对象
clock = pygame.time.Clock()# 蛇的宽度
snake_block = 15
# 蛇的速度
snake_speed = 15# 从系统库里获取字体
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)
定义得分函数，实际上就是在画面中添加字体。
def Your_score(score):value = score_font.render("Score: " + str(score), True, yellow)# 在主surface里添加字体surfacedis.blit(value, [0, 0])
定义蛇体函数，实际上就是遍历蛇身队列，依次在画面中画出矩形。
def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):for x in snake_list:pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])
定义文本函数，实际上就是在画面中显示文字。
def message(msg, color):mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width // 2 - 180, dis_height // 2])
两个循环结构一个判断游戏是否结束一个判断游戏是否需要退出。
while not game_over:while game_close == True:dis.fill(blue)message("Game over, press p again or q quit!", red)Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)# 修改得分pygame.display.update()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_q:game_over = Truegame_close = Falseif event.key == pygame.K_p:gameLoop()
获取键盘事件改变蛇头方向
# 获取事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_over = Trueif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_a:x1_change = -snake_blocky1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == pygame.K_d:x1_change = snake_blocky1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_w:y1_change = -snake_blockx1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == pygame.K_s:y1_change = snake_blockx1_change = 0
蛇的移动是通过在队头添加一个新的坐标，然后删掉队尾元素实现的。队列的长度始终为蛇长变量的值。
x1 += x1_changey1 += y1_changedis.fill(blue)pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])snake_Head = []snake_Head.append(x1)snake_Head.append(y1)snake_List.append(snake_Head)# 贪吃蛇的移动if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:del snake_List[0]# 判断是否咬到自身for x in snake_List[:-1]:if x == snake_Head:game_close = True# 画蛇出来our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)# 更新画面pygame.display.update()
判断蛇头是否吃到食物，设置一定的范围，防止出现永远吃不到的bug
# 判断蛇是否吃到食物if foodx - 10 <= x1 <= foodx + 10 and foody - 10 <= y1 <= foody + 10:foodx = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_width - snake_block, snake_block))foody = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_height - snake_block, snake_block))# print(foodx, foody)Length_of_snake += 1
增加菜单功能
通过查阅资料，发现pygame_menu提供了比较完善的游戏菜单功能。我通过pip下载后，查阅了官方样例代码，这个菜单确实是比较精美的，正是我所需要给游戏添加的东西。
import pygame
import pygame_menupygame.init()surface = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 400))def set_difficulty(value, difficulty):# Do the job here !print(1)passdef start_the_game():# Do the job here !passmenu = pygame_menu.Menu('Welcome', 600, 400,theme=pygame_menu.themes.THEME_BLUE)menu.add.text_input('Name :', default='kevenduan')
menu.add.selector('Difficulty :', [('Hard', 1), ('Easy', 2)], onchange=set_difficulty)
menu.add.button('Play', start_the_game)
menu.add.button('Quit', pygame_menu.events.EXIT)
menu.mainloop(surface)
最终版本
新功能
最终版本添加了游戏界面菜单，有查询得分记录的功能，以及可以选择两个难度。
查询分数通过列表记录后，通过排序来显示得分前5的分数。
难度的控制是由蛇的速度来控制，由于咬到自身就游戏失败有点坑，在这里删除了。
完整代码
import pygame
import random
import pygame_menuscore = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
pygame.init()
# 以RGB的形式定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)# 设置窗体大小
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snakes KevenDuan 1.0')# 创建clock对象
clock = pygame.time.Clock()# 蛇的宽度
snake_block = 15
# 蛇的速度
snake_speed = 15# 从系统库里获取字体
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)def Your_score(score):value = score_font.render("Score: " + str(score), True, yellow)# 在主surface里添加字体surfacedis.blit(value, [0, 0])def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):for x in snake_list:pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])def message(msg, color):mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width // 2 - 150, dis_height // 2])def gameLoop():game_over = Falsegame_close = Falsex1 = dis_width / 2y1 = dis_height / 2x1_change = 0y1_change = 0# 存放蛇的身体snake_List = []# 蛇的长度Length_of_snake = 1# 食物坐标随机生成foodx = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_width - snake_block, snake_block))foody = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_height - snake_block, snake_block))print(foodx, foody)while not game_over:while game_close == True:dis.fill(blue)score.append(Length_of_snake - 1)message(f"Game Over! your score is {Length_of_snake - 1}", red)Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)# 修改得分pygame.display.update()pygame.time.wait(2000)# 显示出菜单menu.mainloop(dis)# 获取事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:game_over = Trueif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_a:x1_change = -snake_blocky1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == pygame.K_d:x1_change = snake_blocky1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_w:y1_change = -snake_blockx1_change = 0elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == pygame.K_s:y1_change = snake_blockx1_change = 0if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:# 判断为游戏失败game_close = Truex1 += x1_changey1 += y1_changedis.fill(blue)pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])snake_Head = []snake_Head.append(x1)snake_Head.append(y1)snake_List.append(snake_Head)# 贪吃蛇的移动if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:del snake_List[0]# 判断是否咬到自身# for x in snake_List[:-1]:# if x == snake_Head:# game_close = True# 画蛇出来our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)# 更新画面pygame.display.update()# 判断蛇是否吃到食物if foodx - 10 <= x1 <= foodx + 10 and foody - 10 <= y1 <= foody + 10:foodx = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_width - snake_block, snake_block))foody = round(random.randrange(snake_block, dis_height - snake_block, snake_block))# print(foodx, foody)Length_of_snake += 1# 调节帧率来控制蛇的速度clock.tick(snake_speed)pygame.quit()quit()def set_difficulty(value, difficulty):# Do the job here !global snake_speedif snake_speed == 15: snake_speed = 30else: snake_speed = 15def start_the_game():# Do the job here !gameLoop()def rank():# flag = Truewhile True:dis.fill(blue)score.sort()print(score)mesg1 = font_style.render(f"Your highest score is {score[-1]}", True, yellow)dis.blit(mesg1, [dis_width // 2 - 150, dis_height // 2 - 30])mesg2 = font_style.render(f"Ranking of scores:{score[-1:-6:-1]}", True, yellow)dis.blit(mesg2, [dis_width // 2 - 190, dis_height // 2 + 10])pygame.display.update()pygame.time.wait(3000)menu.mainloop(dis)# menu.add.button('Quit', pygame_menu.events.EXIT)# for event in pygame.event.get():# if event.type == pygame.QUIT:# flag = Truemenu = pygame_menu.Menu('Welcome to my game', 800, 600,theme=pygame_menu.themes.THEME_BLUE)menu.add.text_input('Author :', default='KevenDuan')
menu.add.selector('Difficulty :', [('Easy', 1), ('Hard', 2)], onchange=set_difficulty)
menu.add.button('Yours socres', rank)
menu.add.button('Play', start_the_game)
menu.add.button('Quit', pygame_menu.events.EXIT)
menu.mainloop(dis)