在开发涉及多显示器的应用程序时，获取显示器的友好名称（Friendly Name）是一个常见需求。本文将深入探讨GetMonitorFriendlyName 方法，了解其实现细节和工作原理。
方法签名
public static string GetMonitorFriendlyName(bool isPrimary)
方法概述
GetMonitorFriendlyName 方法用于获取指定显示器的友好名称。参数 isPrimary 指定是否获取主显示器的友好名称。
实现原理
- 先获取显示设备的目标设备信息和源设备信息，再将目标设备信息（友好名称）和源设备信息（逻辑设备名称）关联起来
- 获取要求获取屏幕(主/副屏）的信息（包含逻辑设备名称）
- 通过逻辑设备名称关联，再找到相应屏幕的友好名称
实现细节
1. 获取屏幕信息：
var screen = ScreenHelper.GetScreen(isPrimary);
2. 获取目标设备名称：
var targetDeviceNames = GeTargetDeviceNames();
调用 GeTargetDeviceNames 方法获取所有活动路径的目标设备名称和源设备名称。
3. 匹配屏幕设备名称：
return targetDeviceNames.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Item2.viewGdiDeviceName.EqualsIgnoreCase(screen.DeviceName)).Item1.monitorDevicePath;
核心方法
GeTargetDeviceNames 方法： 该方法获取所有活动路径的目标设备名称和源设备名称，并将目标设备名称和源设备名称相匹配。其实现涉及调用 Windows API 函数 GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes 和 QueryDisplayConfig，并解析返回的显示配置信息。
/// <summary>
/// 获取显示器FriendlyName名称
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>public static IEnumerable<(DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME, DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME)>GeTargetDeviceNames(){List<(DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME, DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME)> listRet = new();try{int error = GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes(QUERY_DEVICE_CONFIG_FLAGS.QDC_ONLY_ACTIVE_PATHS,out var pathCount, out var modeCount);if (error != ERROR_SUCCESS)throw new Win32Exception(error);DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO[] DisplayPaths = new DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO[pathCount];DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO[] DisplayModes = new DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO[modeCount];error = QueryDisplayConfig(QUERY_DEVICE_CONFIG_FLAGS.QDC_ONLY_ACTIVE_PATHS,ref pathCount, DisplayPaths, ref modeCount, DisplayModes, IntPtr.Zero);if (error != ERROR_SUCCESS)throw new Win32Exception(error);for (int i = 0; i < modeCount; i++){var modeInfo = DisplayModes[i];if (modeInfo.infoType == DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_TYPE.DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_TYPE_TARGET){var targetName =GetDisplayconfigTargetDeviceName(DisplayModes[i].adapterId, DisplayModes[i].id);var displayPathInfo = DisplayPaths.FirstOrDefault(m =>m.targetInfo.adapterId.LowPart == modeInfo.adapterId.LowPart &&m.targetInfo.adapterId.HighPart == modeInfo.adapterId.HighPart &&m.targetInfo.id == modeInfo.id);var sourceName = GetDisplayconfigSourceDeviceName(displayPathInfo.sourceInfo.adapterId,displayPathInfo.sourceInfo.id);listRet.Add((targetName, sourceName));}}}catch (Exception ex){}return listRet;}
相关辅助方法
- GetDisplayconfigTargetDeviceName 方法：获取目标设备的详细信息，包括友好名称
- GetDisplayconfigSourceDeviceName 方法： 获取源设备的详细信息，包括显示设备逻辑名称。
public const int ERROR_SUCCESS = 0;public enum QUERY_DEVICE_CONFIG_FLAGS : uint
{QDC_ALL_PATHS = 0x00000001,QDC_ONLY_ACTIVE_PATHS = 0x00000002,QDC_DATABASE_CURRENT = 0x00000004
}public enum DISPLAYCONFIG_VIDEO_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY : uint
{DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_OTHER = 0xFFFFFFFF,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_HD15 = 0,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_SVIDEO = 1,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_COMPOSITE_VIDEO = 2,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_COMPONENT_VIDEO = 3,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_DVI = 4,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_HDMI = 5,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_LVDS = 6,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_D_JPN = 8,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_SDI = 9,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_DISPLAYPORT_EXTERNAL = 10,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_DISPLAYPORT_EMBEDDED = 11,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_UDI_EXTERNAL = 12,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_UDI_EMBEDDED = 13,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_SDTVDONGLE = 14,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_MIRACAST = 15,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_INTERNAL = 0x80000000,DISPLAYCONFIG_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY_FORCE_UINT32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
}public enum DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING : uint
{DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING_UNSPECIFIED = 0,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING_PROGRESSIVE = 1,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING_INTERLACED = 2,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING_INTERLACED_UPPERFIELDFIRST = DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING_INTERLACED,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING_INTERLACED_LOWERFIELDFIRST = 3,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING_FORCE_UINT32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
}public enum DISPLAYCONFIG_ROTATION : uint
{DISPLAYCONFIG_ROTATION_IDENTITY = 1,DISPLAYCONFIG_ROTATION_ROTATE90 = 2,DISPLAYCONFIG_ROTATION_ROTATE180 = 3,DISPLAYCONFIG_ROTATION_ROTATE270 = 4,DISPLAYCONFIG_ROTATION_FORCE_UINT32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
}public enum DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING : uint
{DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING_IDENTITY = 1,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING_CENTERED = 2,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING_STRETCHED = 3,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING_ASPECTRATIOCENTEREDMAX = 4,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING_CUSTOM = 5,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING_PREFERRED = 128,DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING_FORCE_UINT32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
}public enum DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT : uint
{DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT_8BPP = 1,DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT_16BPP = 2,DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT_24BPP = 3,DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT_32BPP = 4,DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT_NONGDI = 5,DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT_FORCE_UINT32 = 0xffffffff
}public enum DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_TYPE : uint
{DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_TYPE_SOURCE = 1,DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_TYPE_TARGET = 2,DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_TYPE_FORCE_UINT32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
}public enum DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_TYPE : uint
{DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_GET_SOURCE_NAME = 1,DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_GET_TARGET_NAME = 2,DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_GET_TARGET_PREFERRED_MODE = 3,DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_GET_ADAPTER_NAME = 4,DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_SET_TARGET_PERSISTENCE = 5,DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_GET_TARGET_BASE_TYPE = 6,DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_FORCE_UINT32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct LUID
{public uint LowPart;public int HighPart;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_SOURCE_INFO
{public LUID adapterId;public uint id;public uint modeInfoIdx;public uint statusFlags;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO
{public LUID adapterId;public uint id;public uint modeInfoIdx;DISPLAYCONFIG_VIDEO_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY outputTechnology;DISPLAYCONFIG_ROTATION rotation;DISPLAYCONFIG_SCALING scaling;DISPLAYCONFIG_RATIONAL refreshRate;DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING scanLineOrdering;public bool targetAvailable;public uint statusFlags;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_RATIONAL
{public uint Numerator;public uint Denominator;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO
{public DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_SOURCE_INFO sourceInfo;public DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO targetInfo;public uint flags;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_2DREGION
{public uint cx;public uint cy;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_VIDEO_SIGNAL_INFO
{public ulong pixelRate;public DISPLAYCONFIG_RATIONAL hSyncFreq;public DISPLAYCONFIG_RATIONAL vSyncFreq;public DISPLAYCONFIG_2DREGION activeSize;public DISPLAYCONFIG_2DREGION totalSize;public uint videoStandard;public DISPLAYCONFIG_SCANLINE_ORDERING scanLineOrdering;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_MODE
{public DISPLAYCONFIG_VIDEO_SIGNAL_INFO targetVideoSignalInfo;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct POINTL
{int x;int y;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE
{public uint width;public uint height;public DISPLAYCONFIG_PIXELFORMAT pixelFormat;public POINTL position;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_UNION
{[FieldOffset(0)]public DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_MODE targetMode;[FieldOffset(0)]public DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE sourceMode;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO
{public DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_TYPE infoType;public uint id;public LUID adapterId;public DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO_UNION modeInfo;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME_FLAGS
{public uint value;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_HEADER
{public DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_TYPE type;public uint size;public LUID adapterId;public uint id;
}[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public struct DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME
{public DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_HEADER header;public DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME_FLAGS flags;public DISPLAYCONFIG_VIDEO_OUTPUT_TECHNOLOGY outputTechnology;public ushort edidManufactureId;public ushort edidProductCodeId;public uint connectorInstance;[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 64)]public string monitorFriendlyDeviceName;[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]public string monitorDevicePath;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public partial struct DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME
{public DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_HEADER header;[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)] public string viewGdiDeviceName;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int GetDisplayConfigBufferSizes(QUERY_DEVICE_CONFIG_FLAGS Flags,out uint NumPathArrayElements,out uint NumModeInfoArrayElements
);[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int QueryDisplayConfig(QUERY_DEVICE_CONFIG_FLAGS Flags,ref uint NumPathArrayElements,[Out] DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO[] PathInfoArray,ref uint NumModeInfoArrayElements,[Out] DISPLAYCONFIG_MODE_INFO[] ModeInfoArray,IntPtr CurrentTopologyId
);[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo(ref DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME deviceName
);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo(ref DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME deviceName
);
[DllImport("user32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern bool GetMonitorInfo(IntPtr hMonitor, ref MONITORINFO lpmi);
/// <summary>
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto,Pack=4)]
public struct MONITORINFO
{/// <summary>/// </summary> public int cbSize;/// <summary>/// </summary> public ScreenHelper.RECT rcMonitor;/// <summary>/// </summary> public ScreenHelper.RECT rcWork;/// <summary>/// </summary> public int dwFlags ;/*[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=32)] public char[] szDevice;*/[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]public string DeviceName;
}public static DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME GetDisplayconfigTargetDeviceName(LUID adapterId, uint targetId)
{DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME deviceName = new DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME();deviceName.header.size = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(DISPLAYCONFIG_TARGET_DEVICE_NAME));deviceName.header.adapterId = adapterId;deviceName.header.id = targetId;deviceName.header.type = DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_TYPE.DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_GET_TARGET_NAME;int error = DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo(ref deviceName);if (error != ERROR_SUCCESS)throw new Win32Exception(error);return deviceName;
}public static DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME GetDisplayconfigSourceDeviceName(LUID adapterId, uint targetId)
{DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME deviceName = new DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME();deviceName.header.size = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_DEVICE_NAME));deviceName.header.adapterId = adapterId;deviceName.header.id = targetId;deviceName.header.type = DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_TYPE.DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_GET_SOURCE_NAME;int error = DisplayConfigGetDeviceInfo(ref deviceName);if (error != ERROR_SUCCESS)throw new Win32Exception(error);return deviceName;
}
示例代码
以下是 GetMonitorFriendlyName 方法的完整实现：
public static string GetMonitorFriendlyName(bool isPrimary)
{try{var screen = ScreenHelper.GetScreen(isPrimary);var targetDeviceNames = GeTargetDeviceNames();return targetDeviceNames.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Item2.viewGdiDeviceName.EqualsIgnoreCase(screen.DeviceName)).Item1.monitorDevicePath;}catch (Exception ex){return string.Empty;}
}