目录
1.编写目的
2.账户结构
3.环境及使用依赖
4.步骤分解
4.1.导入相关依赖
4.2. 初始化变量
4.3. 创建并初始化Mint Account
4.4. 创建并初始化Metadata Account
4.5. 发送创建和初始化mint Account
4.6 铸造代币
5.源码分享
Welcome to Code Block's blog
本篇文章主要介绍了
[小试牛刀-SOL链创建Token代币]
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1.编写目的
最近需要编写SOL合约进行SPL代币的转账,因为在测试网上需要自己部署测试代币,同时为了更加美观,代币需携带metadata数据(对代币名称、代币头像等)进行定义.在此对创建过程进行记录,希望帮助到有需要实现相关功能的朋友.
2.账户结构
SOL链内的所有数据都存储在账户中,创建代币需要使用不同的程序(合约)创建三个账户,结构图如下:
Mint Account:使用TOKEN_PROGRAM(代币相关操作)程序,创建一个Mint Account,这个账户的作用是用来铸造代币.
MetaData Account:使用METADATA_PROGRAM(metadata数据相关操作)程序,创建一个MetaData账户,用来存储代币基础信息(名称、图标/头像).
ACT Account: 铸造出的代币需要ACT Account进行接收,这需要使用用户和mint Account进行计算然后进行创建,用于接收铸造完成的代币.
3.环境及使用依赖
{"scripts": {"test": "ts-node ./test/createmint.test.ts"},"dependencies": {"@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata": "^2.1.1","@solana/spl-token": "^0.4.8","@solana/web3.js": "^1.95.3",},"devDependencies": {"@types/node": "^22.5.0","ts-node": "^10.9.2","typescript": "^5.5.4"}
}
这里使用TypeScript和node环境进行代码编写,主要需要用到@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata(用于metadata Account初始化),@solana/spl-token(mint Account初始化和ACT Account创建),@solana/web3.js(用于基础Account创建和一些工具类).
注:这里尽量保持引入版本一致,因为不同版本的方法名称可能不同.
4.步骤分解
4.1.导入相关依赖
import { Keypair, PublicKey, SystemProgram,Connection,sendAndConfirmTransaction, Transaction } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { MINT_SIZE, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, createInitializeMint2Instruction, getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount,mintTo } from "@solana/spl-token";import {PROGRAM_ID as METADATA_PROGRAM_ID,createCreateMetadataAccountV3Instruction,
} from "@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata";
import * as fs from 'fs'这里的fs用于读取本地密钥文件,用于生成payer.
4.2. 初始化变量
const connection = new Connection('https://api.devnet.solana.com', 'confirmed');const secretKeyPath='./wallet/id.json';
const secretKeyJSON = fs.readFileSync(secretKeyPath, 'utf-8');
// 创建测试账户
const secretKeyArray = JSON.parse(secretKeyJSON);
const secretKey = new Uint8Array(secretKeyArray);
const payer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(secretKey);
// 打印payer地址
console.log("Payer address:", payer.publicKey.toBase58());// 定义token名称等
const tokenConfig = {//小数位数decimals: 2,//代币名称name: "BOGGY",//代币符号symbol: "Boggy Coin",//metadata json地址uri: "https://bafkreibyxbbl2jba2ry6ds2wgc6phdlhm2u6sox3neltfrdth7ocgkbqfm.ipfs.nftstorage.link",};这里connection定义了使用SOL测试网进行连接,同时通过读取本地的id.json文件创建一个交易费用支付者并进行打印。
4.3. 创建并初始化Mint Account
//创建一个密钥对,将其公钥作为Mint地址const mintKeypair = Keypair.generate();//输出Mint Account地址console.log("Mint address:", mintKeypair.publicKey.toBase58());这里创建一个密钥对,并打印,其公钥作为Mint Account地址在后面进行初始化.
//创建基础Account const createMintAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,newAccountPubkey: mintKeypair.publicKey,space: MINT_SIZE,lamports: await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(MINT_SIZE),programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,});//将Account初始化为一个mint Accountconst initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMint2Instruction(mintKeypair.publicKey,tokenConfig.decimals,payer.publicKey,payer.publicKey,);这里进行了mint Account的创建和初始化两条命令:
>SystemProgram.createAccount
fromPubkey:将作为该账户的拥有者和交易费用支付者.
newAccountPubkey:即为创建mint地址,
space:为组件内提供的MINT_SIZE(MINT Account必须使用的空间大小),
lamports:作为免租费用.使用提供的方法根据空间进行计算.
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID: TOKEN_PROGRAM(代币相关操作)程序
>createInitializeMint2Instruction
mintKeypair.publicKey:指定作为mint Account的账户.
tokenConfig.decimals:设置小数位数为2位,
payer.publicKey:分别指定铸造权限拥有者和冻结权限拥有者,当设置为null时代币将不能继续被铸造.
注:这两个命令其实就可以创建代币,但代币没有名称和头像.
4.4. 创建并初始化Metadata Account
const metadataAccount = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync([Buffer.from("metadata"), METADATA_PROGRAM_ID.toBuffer(), mintKeypair.publicKey.toBuffer()],METADATA_PROGRAM_ID,)[0];console.log("Metadata address:", metadataAccount.toBase58());这里先创建了一个PDA账户(即METADATA_PROGRAM作为操作执行者),并进行打印.
注:根据官方要求必须使用派生(PDA)账户初始化MetaData Account.
const createMetadataInstruction = createCreateMetadataAccountV3Instruction({metadata: metadataAccount,mint: mintKeypair.publicKey,mintAuthority: payer.publicKey,payer: payer.publicKey,updateAuthority: payer.publicKey,},{createMetadataAccountArgsV3: {data: {creators: null,name: tokenConfig.name,symbol: tokenConfig.symbol,uri: tokenConfig.uri,//费用sellerFeeBasisPoints: 0,collection: null,uses: null,},collectionDetails: null,isMutable: true,},},);使用createCreateMetadataAccountV3Instruction进行metadata Account的创建和初始化:
metadata:metadata Account(即PDA账户)
mint:关联MINT账户,
mintAuthority: mint的权限用户,
payer: 费用支付者和拥有者,
updateAuthority: metadata的更新操作权限拥有者,
在createMetadataAccountArgsV3中分别设置了代币名称、图像、简称地址等参数。
4.5. 发送创建和初始化mint Account
const transaction=new Transaction().add(createMintAccountInstruction,initializeMintInstruction,createMetadataInstruction);const tx=await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,transaction,[payer,mintKeypair]);console.log("创建代币mint地址,交易tx:"+tx);这里将上面的 createMintAccountInstruction、initializeMintInstruction、createMetadataInstruction添加到一个transaction中并使用sendAndConfirmTransaction发送到链上,即可完成带有metadata的SPL代币创建.
测试截图:
4.6 铸造代币
const actAccount=await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(connection,payer,mintKeypair.publicKey,payer.publicKey);const mintSig=await mintTo(connection,payer,mintKeypair.publicKey,actAccount.address,payer,1000_000_000_000);console.log("向我的账户mint代币:"+mintSig);这里使用 getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount方法创建一个actAccount,同时通过mintTo方法向actAccount铸造代币.
测试截图:
因为小数位数设置为两位所以铸造了 1000_000_000_000将会铸造10_000_000_000个代币.
5.源码分享
import { Keypair, PublicKey, SystemProgram,Connection,sendAndConfirmTransaction, Transaction } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { MINT_SIZE, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, createInitializeMint2Instruction, getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount,mintTo } from "@solana/spl-token";import {PROGRAM_ID as METADATA_PROGRAM_ID,createCreateMetadataAccountV3Instruction,
} from "@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata";
import * as fs from 'fs'
const connection = new Connection('https://api.devnet.solana.com', 'confirmed');const secretKeyPath='./wallet/id.json';
const secretKeyJSON = fs.readFileSync(secretKeyPath, 'utf-8');
// 创建测试账户
const secretKeyArray = JSON.parse(secretKeyJSON);
const secretKey = new Uint8Array(secretKeyArray);
const payer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(secretKey);
(async () => {console.log("Payer address:", payer.publicKey.toBase58());const mintKeypair = Keypair.generate();console.log("Mint address:", mintKeypair.publicKey.toBase58());const tokenConfig = {decimals: 2,name: "BOGGY",symbol: "Boggy Coin",uri: "https://bafkreibyxbbl2jba2ry6ds2wgc6phdlhm2u6sox3neltfrdth7ocgkbqfm.ipfs.nftstorage.link",};const createMintAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,newAccountPubkey: mintKeypair.publicKey,space: MINT_SIZE,lamports: await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(MINT_SIZE),programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,});const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMint2Instruction(mintKeypair.publicKey,tokenConfig.decimals,payer.publicKey,payer.publicKey,);const metadataAccount = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync([Buffer.from("metadata"), METADATA_PROGRAM_ID.toBuffer(), mintKeypair.publicKey.toBuffer()],METADATA_PROGRAM_ID,)[0];console.log("Metadata address:", metadataAccount.toBase58());const createMetadataInstruction = createCreateMetadataAccountV3Instruction({metadata: metadataAccount,mint: mintKeypair.publicKey,mintAuthority: payer.publicKey,payer: payer.publicKey,updateAuthority: payer.publicKey,},{createMetadataAccountArgsV3: {data: {creators: null,name: tokenConfig.name,symbol: tokenConfig.symbol,uri: tokenConfig.uri,sellerFeeBasisPoints: 0,collection: null,uses: null,},collectionDetails: null,isMutable: true,},},);const transaction=new Transaction().add(createMintAccountInstruction,initializeMintInstruction,createMetadataInstruction);const tx=await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,transaction,[payer,mintKeypair]);console.log("创建代币mint地址,交易tx:"+tx);const actAccount=await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(connection,payer,mintKeypair.publicKey,payer.publicKey);const mintSig=await mintTo(connection,payer,mintKeypair.publicKey,actAccount.address,payer,1000_000_000_000);console.log("向我的账户mint代币:"+mintSig);
})();感谢您的关注和收藏!!!!!!