1、功能描述和界面
- 前端（wxPython GUI）：
- 提供文件选择、显示文件列表的界面。
- 支持上传、删除和下载附件。
- 展示上传状态和附件信息（如文件名、大小、上传时间）。
- 后端（REST API 服务）：
- 提供上传、删除、获取附件信息的接口。
- 使用常见的 Web 框架（如 Flask 或 FastAPI）实现。
首先前端我们需要一个对所有附件进行管理的界面，以便对于附件进行统一的维护处理。
前端发起上传附件的处理，如下界面所示，可以选择多个不同类型的文件。
上传成功后，我们可以打开附件信息记录，如果是图片会显示出来，如果是其他格式，可以通过打开链接方式下载查看。
2、功能的实现处理
如果附件是简单的上传，比较容易处理，我们可以先了解一下简单的做法，然后在深入探讨实际框架中对于附件的处理。
1) FastAPI 端实现文件上传接口
首先，在 FastAPI 中创建一个接收文件的接口：
from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFileapp = FastAPI()@app.post("/upload/")
async def upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...)):with open(file.filename, "wb") as f:f.write(await file.read())return {"filename": file.filename}
在公布对应的API接口后，在 前端的 wxPython 项目中，您可以通过 requests 库 或者 aiohttp 库 与 FastAPI 交互来实现文件上传。以下是简单的实现步骤和示例代码
import wx
import requestsclass FileUploadFrame(wx.Frame):def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)panel = wx.Panel(self)self.upload_button = wx.Button(panel, label="上传文件", pos=(20, 20))self.upload_button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_upload)self.status_text = wx.StaticText(panel, label="", pos=(20, 60))def on_upload(self, event):with wx.FileDialog(self, "选择文件", wildcard="所有文件 (*.*)|*.*",style=wx.FD_OPEN | wx.FD_FILE_MUST_EXIST) as file_dialog:if file_dialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:return # 用户取消选择# 获取文件路径file_path = file_dialog.GetPath()try:self.upload_file(file_path)except Exception as e:wx.LogError(f"文件上传失败: {e}")def upload_file(self, file_path):url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/upload/" # FastAPI 服务器的上传接口with open(file_path, "rb") as file:files = {"file": file}response = requests.post(url, files=files)if response.status_code == 200:self.status_text.SetLabel(f"上传成功: {response.json().get('filename')}")else:self.status_text.SetLabel(f"上传失败: {response.status_code}")if __name__ == "__main__":app = wx.App(False)frame = FileUploadFrame(None, title="文件上传", size=(300, 150))frame.Show()app.MainLoop()
2) 上传多个文件的处理方式
上面是单个文件的上传处理，如果要一次性提交多个文件到 FastAPI 接口，可以使用 FastAPI 的 List[UploadFile] 类型接收多个文件。以下是完整的实现方法。
from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from typing import Listapp = FastAPI()@app.post("/upload/")
async def upload_files(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):saved_files = []for file in files:file_path = f"./uploaded/{file.filename}" # 保存到 uploaded 目录with open(file_path, "wb") as f:f.write(await file.read())saved_files.append(file.filename)return {"uploaded_files": saved_files}
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而在前端WxPython的处理中，需要对多个文件进行上传处理即可，可以使用 wx.FileDialog 的多选功能，并通过 requests 库批量上传多个文件。
import wx
import requestsclass MultiFileUploadFrame(wx.Frame):def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)panel = wx.Panel(self)self.upload_button = wx.Button(panel, label="上传多个文件", pos=(20, 20))self.upload_button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_upload)self.status_text = wx.StaticText(panel, label="", pos=(20, 60), size=(300, -1))def on_upload(self, event):with wx.FileDialog(self, "选择文件", wildcard="所有文件 (*.*)|*.*",style=wx.FD_OPEN | wx.FD_MULTIPLE) as file_dialog:if file_dialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:return # 用户取消选择# 获取选择的多个文件路径file_paths = file_dialog.GetPaths()try:self.upload_files(file_paths)except Exception as e:wx.LogError(f"文件上传失败: {e}")def upload_files(self, file_paths):url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/upload/" # FastAPI 服务器的上传接口files = [("files", (file_path.split("/")[-1], open(file_path, "rb"))) for file_path in file_paths]response = requests.post(url, files=files)if response.status_code == 200:uploaded_files = response.json().get("uploaded_files", [])self.status_text.SetLabel(f"上传成功: {', '.join(uploaded_files)}")else:self.status_text.SetLabel(f"上传失败: {response.status_code}")if __name__ == "__main__":app = wx.App(False)frame = MultiFileUploadFrame(None, title="多文件上传", size=(400, 200))frame.Show()app.MainLoop()
不过我们附件的上传，往往还需要伴随着一些额外的信息，方便把这些信息存储在数据库中供查询参考，同时也是关联业务模块和附件信息的重要依据。
如果需要在上传多个文件的同时传递额外参数（如 guid 和 folder），可以将这些参数通过 POST 请求的表单数据 (data) 传递。FastAPI 可以同时处理文件和表单数据。