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以下是一个在 Spring Boot 中使用 Zookeeper 和 Curator 实现分布式锁的示例。分布式锁可以确保在分布式环境中，同一时间只有一个客户端能够访问共享资源。

1. 引入依赖

在 pom.xml 文件中添加必要的依赖：

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId><artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId><version>5.1.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId><artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId><version>5.1.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId><artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId><version>3.8.0</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置 Zookeeper 连接

在 application.yml 文件中配置 Zookeeper 连接字符串：

zookeeper:connect-string: localhost:2181

3. 创建 Zookeeper 配置类

创建一个配置类来初始化 Curator 客户端：

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class ZookeeperConfig {@Value("${zookeeper.connect-string}")private String connectString;@Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "close")public CuratorFramework curatorFramework() {return CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder().connectString(connectString).sessionTimeoutMs(5000).retryPolicy(new RetryNTimes(3, 5000)).build();}
}

4. 创建分布式锁服务类

创建一个服务类来实现分布式锁的获取和释放：

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Service
public class DistributedLockService {@Autowiredprivate CuratorFramework curatorFramework;// 获取分布式锁public boolean acquireLock(String lockPath, int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(curatorFramework, lockPath);try {return lock.acquire(timeout, timeUnit);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;}}// 释放分布式锁public void releaseLock(String lockPath) {InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(curatorFramework, lockPath);try {lock.release();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

5. 创建控制器类来测试分布式锁

创建一个控制器类来模拟获取和释放分布式锁的操作：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class DistributedLockController {@Autowiredprivate DistributedLockService distributedLockService;@GetMapping("/lock")public String acquireDistributedLock(@RequestParam String lockPath, @RequestParam int timeout, @RequestParam String timeUnit) {TimeUnit unit = TimeUnit.valueOf(timeUnit);boolean acquired = distributedLockService.acquireLock(lockPath, timeout, unit);if (acquired) {return "成功获取分布式锁";} else {return "获取分布式锁失败";}}@GetMapping("/unlock")public String releaseDistributedLock(@RequestParam String lockPath) {distributedLockService.releaseLock(lockPath);return "成功释放分布式锁";}
}

6. 运行 Spring Boot 应用

启动 Spring Boot 应用后，你可以通过访问以下 URL 来测试分布式锁的功能：

获取锁：http://localhost:8080/lock?lockPath=/my-lock&timeout=10&timeUnit=SECONDS
释放锁：http://localhost:8080/unlock?lockPath=/my-lock

在这个示例中：

DistributedLockService 类使用 InterProcessMutex 来实现分布式锁的获取和释放。InterProcessMutex 是 Curator 库提供的一个用于实现分布式互斥锁的类。
DistributedLockController 类提供了两个 API 端点，一个用于获取分布式锁，另一个用于释放分布式锁。

通过这种方式，你可以在 Spring Boot 应用中利用 Zookeeper 实现分布式锁，确保在分布式环境中的资源访问控制。