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1. 说明

• 1.正常队列绑定死信交换机和死信routing_key，正常队列中的消息在特殊情况下变为死信时，将死信通过绑定的死信交换机转移到死信队列中。
• 2.死信队列说明。
• 3.这里演示的是10秒未消费的消息，进入死信队列。

2. 截图示例

• 1.消息未过期
  
• 2.消息10秒后过期，进入死信队列
  
• 3.项目结构图
  

3. 代码示例

• 1.pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.5.4</version></parent><groupId>com.learning</groupId><artifactId>springboot</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><version>2.5.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><version>2.5.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><!--打jar包使用--><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

• 2.application.yaml

spring:rabbitmq:host: 192.168.2.11port: 5672username: adminpassword: adminvirtual-host: /

• 3.RabbitMQConfig配置类

package com.learning.config;import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** rabbitmq配置类*/
@Configuration  
public class RabbitMQConfig{/*** 正常交换机名*/public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";/*** 正常队列名*/public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue";@Bean("topic_queue")public Queue queue() {Queue queue = new Queue(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false);// 设置死信交换机queue.addArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange", "dlx_exchange");// 设置死信routingkeyqueue.addArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "dlx_routing_key");// 设置队列的过期时间queue.addArgument("x-message-ttl", 10000);// 设置队列的长度限制queue.addArgument("x-max-length", 10);return queue;}/*** 主题模式，这里按实际业务切换不同模式* @return*/@Bean("topic_exchange")public Exchange exchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();}  @Bean  public Binding binding(@Qualifier("topic_queue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("topic_exchange") Exchange exchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("topic_routing_key").noargs();}public static final String DLX_QUEUE_NAME = "dlx_queue";public static final String DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dlx_exchange";@Bean("dlx_queue")public Queue dlxQueue() {return new Queue(DLX_QUEUE_NAME, true);}@Bean("dlx_exchange")public Exchange dlxExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();}@Beanpublic Binding dlxBinding(@Qualifier("dlx_queue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("dlx_exchange") Exchange exchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("dlx_routing_key").noargs();}
}

• 4.测试类

package com.learning;import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;/*** @Author wangyouhui* @Description**/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQTest {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testpublic void test1(){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic_exchange", "topic_routing_key", "测试死信消息，10秒过期");}
}