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参考：WebRTC源码分析-呼叫建立过程之四（中）(创建并添加本地视频轨到PeerConnection)

1.视频采集模块中的类

WebRTC主体是基于C++实现的框架，有必要分析其中各个类之间的继承关系。视频采集模块的代码在modules/video_capture中，其中有很多个文件，逐一分析。需要说明的是，采集模块与使用的平台强相关，不同的操作系统会使用不同的采集方式，在这里我记录的是Windows平台。因为RTC场景下Android平台和Windows平台使用量比较多，但是Android平台还涉及到JNI这一层，比Windows更复杂一些。

1.1 视频采集基础模块（VideoCaptureModule）

VideoCaptureModule的声明位于modules/video_capture/video_capture.h中，是VideoCapture模块中很基础的类，其中声明了大量纯虚函数，即VideoCaptureModule的子类必须实现这些虚函数。VideoCaptureModule中主要定义了设备信息、采集功能、旋转角度（与渲染有关）的相关函数

class VideoCaptureModule : public RefCountInterface {public:// Interface for receiving information about available camera devices.class DeviceInfo {public:virtual uint32_t NumberOfDevices() = 0; // 设备的数量，例如对于Android设备的Camera1和Camera2// Returns the available capture devices.// deviceNumber   - Index of capture device.// deviceNameUTF8 - Friendly name of the capture device.// deviceUniqueIdUTF8 - Unique name of the capture device if it exist.//                      Otherwise same as deviceNameUTF8.// productUniqueIdUTF8 - Unique product id if it exist.//                       Null terminated otherwise.// 获取可用的采集设备// deviceNumber: 设备的编号// deviceNameUTF8: 设备的昵称（例如用户易于识别的型号）// deviceUniqueIdUTF8: 设备的独有名称// productUniqueIdUTF8: product独有ID号virtual int32_t GetDeviceName(uint32_t deviceNumber,char* deviceNameUTF8,uint32_t deviceNameLength,char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t deviceUniqueIdUTF8Length,char* productUniqueIdUTF8 = 0,uint32_t productUniqueIdUTF8Length = 0) = 0;// Returns the number of capabilities this device.// 返回当前设备具有的能力virtual int32_t NumberOfCapabilities(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8) = 0;// Gets the capabilities of the named device.// 获取给定名称的设备的能力virtual int32_t GetCapability(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t deviceCapabilityNumber,VideoCaptureCapability& capability) = 0;// Gets clockwise angle the captured frames should be rotated in order// to be displayed correctly on a normally rotated display.// 获取顺时针旋转角度，以便在普通旋转的显示屏上正确显示捕获的帧// 这里应该面向的是渲染问题，因为渲染过程中的图像是需要倒置的，180°旋转virtual int32_t GetOrientation(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,VideoRotation& orientation) = 0;// Gets the capability that best matches the requested width, height and// frame rate.// Returns the deviceCapabilityNumber on success.// 获取与请求的宽度、高度和帧率最为匹配的能力。// 成功时返回设备能力编号。virtual int32_t GetBestMatchedCapability(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,const VideoCaptureCapability& requested,VideoCaptureCapability& resulting) = 0;// Display OS /capture device specific settings dialog// 显示操作系统/捕获设备特定的设置对话框。virtual int32_t DisplayCaptureSettingsDialogBox(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,const char* dialogTitleUTF8,void* parentWindow,uint32_t positionX,uint32_t positionY) = 0;virtual ~DeviceInfo() {}};// Register capture data callback// 注册采集数据的回调函数virtual void RegisterCaptureDataCallback(rtc::VideoSinkInterface<VideoFrame>* dataCallback) = 0;virtual void RegisterCaptureDataCallback(RawVideoSinkInterface* dataCallback) = 0;//  Remove capture data callback// 移除采集数据的回调函数virtual void DeRegisterCaptureDataCallback() = 0;// Start capture device// 开始执行采集virtual int32_t StartCapture(const VideoCaptureCapability& capability) = 0;// 停止采集virtual int32_t StopCapture() = 0;// Returns the name of the device used by this module.// 获取当前设备的名称virtual const char* CurrentDeviceName() const = 0;// Returns true if the capture device is running// 检查当前设备是否已经开始采集virtual bool CaptureStarted() = 0;// Gets the current configuration.// 获取当前的配置信息virtual int32_t CaptureSettings(VideoCaptureCapability& settings) = 0;// Set the rotation of the captured frames.// If the rotation is set to the same as returned by// DeviceInfo::GetOrientation the captured frames are// displayed correctly if rendered.// 设置捕获帧的旋转角度。// 如果旋转角度设置与`DeviceInfo::GetOrientation`返回的值相同，则捕获的帧在渲染时能够正确显示。virtual int32_t SetCaptureRotation(VideoRotation rotation) = 0;// Tells the capture module whether to apply the pending rotation. By default,// the rotation is applied and the generated frame is up right. When set to// false, generated frames will carry the rotation information from// SetCaptureRotation. Return value indicates whether this operation succeeds.// 告诉捕获模块是否应用待定的旋转。默认情况下，// 旋转会被应用，生成的帧是正向的。当设置为false时，生成的帧将携带从// SetCaptureRotation设置的旋转信息。返回值指示此操作是否成功。virtual bool SetApplyRotation(bool enable) = 0;// Return whether the rotation is applied or left pending.// 返回旋转是否已应用或保持待定状态。virtual bool GetApplyRotation() = 0;protected:~VideoCaptureModule() override {}
};

从继承关系来看，VideoCaptureModule的父类是RefCountInterface，这个类的声明位于api/ref_count.h中，是WebRTC当中一个至关重要的基类，因为涉及到了内存管理任务。在这个类当中，声明了两个const函数: Addref()和Release()，其中Addref()的作用是添加对当前对象的引用计数，Release()的作用是将当前对象的引用计数减1，如果减1之后为0，那么当前的对象会被释放掉。

对于这个类的简单理解是，程序在运行的过程中，有可能有很多地方需要使用到某一个对象，为此需要对当前对象进行一个使用计数，每多一个使用者，计数器加1，只有计数器为0时，该对象才可以被释放掉，这对于内存管理是至关重要的，因为极有可能会出现某一个对象在错误的时刻被释放掉，从而导致内存泄漏。这个概念可以类比FFmpeg当中的AVBufferRef，与FFmpeg不同的是，这里使用的是继承的方法实现，而FFmpeg中是结构体中将AVBufferRef作为一个成员。

// Refcounted objects should implement the following informal interface:
//
// void AddRef() const ;
// RefCountReleaseStatus Release() const;
//
// You may access members of a reference-counted object, including the AddRef()
// and Release() methods, only if you already own a reference to it, or if
// you're borrowing someone else's reference. (A newly created object is a
// special case: the reference count is zero on construction, and the code that
// creates the object should immediately call AddRef(), bringing the reference
// count from zero to one, e.g., by constructing an rtc::scoped_refptr).
//
// 您可以访问引用计数对象的成员，包括AddRef()和Release()方法，但前提是您已经拥有对它的引用，
// 或者您是借用别人的引用。（新创建的对象是一个特殊情况：在构造时引用计数为零，创建对象的代码
// 应立即调用AddRef()，将引用计数从零增加到一，例如，通过构造一个rtc::scoped_refptr）。// AddRef() creates a new reference to the object.
//
// AddRef()会为当前对象创建一个新的引用// Release() releases a reference to the object; the caller now has one less
// reference than before the call. Returns kDroppedLastRef if the number of
// references dropped to zero because of this (in which case the object destroys
// itself). Otherwise, returns kOtherRefsRemained, to signal that at the precise
// time the caller's reference was dropped, other references still remained (but
// if other threads own references, this may of course have changed by the time
// Release() returns).
//
// `Release()` 方法释放对对象的引用；调用者现在比调用前少了一个引用。如果因为这次调用，
// 引用计数降到了零（在这种情况下，对象将销毁自身），则返回 `kDroppedLastRef`。否则，
// 返回 `kOtherRefsRemained`，以表明在调用者引用被释放的确切时刻，还有其他引用存在
// （但如果其他线程拥有引用，这可能在 `Release()` 返回时已发生变化）。// The caller of Release() must treat it in the same way as a delete operation:
// Regardless of the return value from Release(), the caller mustn't access the
// object. The object might still be alive, due to references held by other
// users of the object, but the object can go away at any time, e.g., as the
// result of another thread calling Release().
//
// 调用 `Release()` 的代码必须将其视为与删除操作相同的方式处理：无论 `Release()` 的
// 返回值如何，调用者都不能访问该对象。由于其他用户对对象持有的引用，对象可能仍然存活，
// 但对象随时可能消失，例如，作为另一个线程调用 `Release()` 的结果。// Calling AddRef() and Release() manually is discouraged. It's recommended to
// use rtc::scoped_refptr to manage all pointers to reference counted objects.
// Note that rtc::scoped_refptr depends on compile-time duck-typing; formally
// implementing the below RefCountInterface is not required.
// 手动调用 `AddRef()` 和 `Release()` 是不被鼓励的。建议使用 `rtc::scoped_refptr` 
// 来管理所有指向引用计数对象的指针。请注意，`rtc::scoped_refptr` 依赖于编译时的鸭子
// 类型（duck-typing）；正式实现下面的 `RefCountInterface` 并不是必需的。enum class RefCountReleaseStatus { kDroppedLastRef, kOtherRefsRemained };// Interfaces where refcounting is part of the public api should
// inherit this abstract interface. The implementation of these
// methods is usually provided by the RefCountedObject template class,
// applied as a leaf in the inheritance tree.
// 对于引用计数是公共API一部分的接口，应该继承这个抽象接口。这些方法的实现通常由 
// `RefCountedObject` 模板类提供，它被用作继承树中的叶节点。class RefCountInterface {public:virtual void AddRef() const = 0;virtual RefCountReleaseStatus Release() const = 0;// Non-public destructor, because Release() has exclusive responsibility for// destroying the object.protected:virtual ~RefCountInterface() {}
};

1.2 视频采集工厂类（VideoCaptureFactory）

VideoCapture的工厂类VideoCaptureFactory，声明位于modules/video_capture/video_capture_factory.h中，包含了Create()和CreateDeviceInfo()函数，其中Create()用于创建一个视频采集模块对象，这个对象的类型是VideoCaptureModule，CreateDeviceInfo()用于创建设备信息，对象类型为DeviceInfo。另外，还可以通过VideoCaptureOptions辅助信息来创建这两个对象。

class RTC_EXPORT VideoCaptureFactory {public:// Create a video capture module object// id - unique identifier of this video capture module object.// deviceUniqueIdUTF8 - name of the device.//                      Available names can be found by using GetDeviceNamestatic rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoCaptureModule> Create(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8);static rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoCaptureModule> Create(VideoCaptureOptions* options,const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8);static VideoCaptureModule::DeviceInfo* CreateDeviceInfo();static VideoCaptureModule::DeviceInfo* CreateDeviceInfo(VideoCaptureOptions* options);private:~VideoCaptureFactory();
};

上面使用到了VideoCaptureOptions这个类，它的声明位于modules/video_capture/video_capture_options.h中，定义了视频采集的一些参数，包括采集状态、是否使用Linux、是否使用PIPEWIRE等。

#if defined(WEBRTC_USE_PIPEWIRE)
namespace videocapturemodule {
class PipeWireSession;
}
#endif// An object that stores initialization parameters for video capturers
class RTC_EXPORT VideoCaptureOptions {public:VideoCaptureOptions();VideoCaptureOptions(const VideoCaptureOptions& options);VideoCaptureOptions(VideoCaptureOptions&& options);~VideoCaptureOptions();VideoCaptureOptions& operator=(const VideoCaptureOptions& options);VideoCaptureOptions& operator=(VideoCaptureOptions&& options);// 采集状态enum class Status {SUCCESS,UNINITIALIZED,UNAVAILABLE,DENIED,ERROR,MAX_VALUE = ERROR};// 回调函数class Callback {public:// 纯虚回调函数，表示当前的VideoCaptureOption是否已经初始化了virtual void OnInitialized(Status status) = 0; protected:virtual ~Callback() = default;};// 初始化void Init(Callback* callback);#if defined(WEBRTC_LINUX)// V4L2是Linux下的用于处理视频设备的驱动程序开发的内核框架bool allow_v4l2() const { return allow_v4l2_; }void set_allow_v4l2(bool allow) { allow_v4l2_ = allow; }
#endif#if defined(WEBRTC_USE_PIPEWIRE)bool allow_pipewire() const { return allow_pipewire_; }void set_allow_pipewire(bool allow) { allow_pipewire_ = allow; }void set_pipewire_fd(int fd) { pipewire_fd_ = fd; }rtc::scoped_refptr<videocapturemodule::PipeWireSession> pipewire_session();
#endifprivate:
#if defined(WEBRTC_LINUX)bool allow_v4l2_ = false;
#endif
#if defined(WEBRTC_USE_PIPEWIRE)bool allow_pipewire_ = false;int pipewire_fd_ = kInvalidPipeWireFd;rtc::scoped_refptr<videocapturemodule::PipeWireSession> pipewire_session_;
#endif
};

1.3 设备信息的实现（DeviceInfoImpl）

在进行视频采集之前，需要先看看设备的初始化，DeviceInfoImpl是VideoCaptureModule中DeviceInfo的子类，实现了其中的一部分纯虚函数，其声明位于modules/video_capture/device_info_impl.h中。实现的函数包括：确定设备的能力、获取设备能力等功能。这里没有将所有父类函数实现，是因为并不确定是在哪种平台下面执行具体的代码，例如Windows、Linux和Android等，还需要其后的子类实现。

class DeviceInfoImpl : public VideoCaptureModule::DeviceInfo {public:DeviceInfoImpl();~DeviceInfoImpl(void) override;// 获取该设备能力的数量int32_t NumberOfCapabilities(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8) override;// 获取能力int32_t GetCapability(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t deviceCapabilityNumber,VideoCaptureCapability& capability) override;// 获取最佳匹配的能力int32_t GetBestMatchedCapability(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,const VideoCaptureCapability& requested,VideoCaptureCapability& resulting) override;// 获取旋转角int32_t GetOrientation(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,VideoRotation& orientation) override;protected:/* Initialize this object*/virtual int32_t Init() = 0;/** Fills the member variable _captureCapabilities with capabilities for the* given device name.*/virtual int32_t CreateCapabilityMap(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8)RTC_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(_apiLock) = 0;protected:// Data members// 一系列的能力typedef std::vector<VideoCaptureCapability> VideoCaptureCapabilities;VideoCaptureCapabilities _captureCapabilities RTC_GUARDED_BY(_apiLock);Mutex _apiLock;char* _lastUsedDeviceName RTC_GUARDED_BY(_apiLock);uint32_t _lastUsedDeviceNameLength RTC_GUARDED_BY(_apiLock);
};

1.4 视频采集的实现（VideoCaptureImpl）

下面看看VideoCapture的实现，实现的类为VideoCaptureImpl，其声明位于modules/video_capture/video_capture_impl.h中，父类是VideoCaptureModule。这个类当中实现的功能有：创建VideoCapture、创建DeviceInfo、旋转角度、注册函数的回调、

namespace videocapturemodule {
// Class definitions
class RTC_EXPORT VideoCaptureImpl : public VideoCaptureModule {public:/**   Create a video capture module object**   id              - unique identifier of this video capture module object*   deviceUniqueIdUTF8 -  name of the device. Available names can be found by* using GetDeviceName*/// 创建VideoCaptureModulestatic rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoCaptureModule> Create(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8);static rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoCaptureModule> Create(VideoCaptureOptions* options,const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8);// 创建DeviceInfostatic DeviceInfo* CreateDeviceInfo();static DeviceInfo* CreateDeviceInfo(VideoCaptureOptions* options);// Helpers for converting between (integral) degrees and// VideoRotation values.  Return 0 on success.// 用于在（整数）度和VideoRotation值之间相互转换的助手。成功时返回0。static int32_t RotationFromDegrees(int degrees, VideoRotation* rotation);static int32_t RotationInDegrees(VideoRotation rotation, int* degrees);// Call backs// 注册采集数据的回调函数// 支持VideoSinkInterface和RawVideoSinkInterface两种类型void RegisterCaptureDataCallback(rtc::VideoSinkInterface<VideoFrame>* dataCallback) override;virtual void RegisterCaptureDataCallback(RawVideoSinkInterface* dataCallback) override;// 取消采集数据的回调函数void DeRegisterCaptureDataCallback() override;// 设置采集的角度int32_t SetCaptureRotation(VideoRotation rotation) override;bool SetApplyRotation(bool enable) override;bool GetApplyRotation() override;// 获取当前设备名称const char* CurrentDeviceName() const override;// `capture_time` must be specified in NTP time format in milliseconds.// 处理摄像头获取的帧（核心函数）int32_t IncomingFrame(uint8_t* videoFrame,size_t videoFrameLength,const VideoCaptureCapability& frameInfo,int64_t captureTime = 0);// Platform dependent// 与平台相关的采集函数int32_t StartCapture(const VideoCaptureCapability& capability) override;int32_t StopCapture() override;bool CaptureStarted() override;int32_t CaptureSettings(VideoCaptureCapability& /*settings*/) override;protected:VideoCaptureImpl();~VideoCaptureImpl() override;// Calls to the public API must happen on a single thread.// 这是一个SequenceChecker对象，用于确保公共API的调用都在同一个线程上执行。// 它用来检查对API的调用是否违反了单线程的约定，从而帮助防止多线程环境下的竞态条件。SequenceChecker api_checker_;// RaceChecker for members that can be accessed on the API thread while// capture is not happening, and on a callback thread otherwise.// 这是一个rtc::RaceChecker对象，用于检查在特定条件下，成员变量是否被多个线程访问。// 当捕获没有发生时，成员变量可以在API线程上被访问，而在捕获发生时，则可能在回调线程上被访问。// RaceChecker用于避免数据竞争，确保线程安全rtc::RaceChecker capture_checker_;// current Device unique name;// 当前设备独有名称，这里的RTC_GUARDED_BY意思是只能在api_checker_的线程中进行访问char* _deviceUniqueId RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);Mutex api_lock_;// Should be set by platform dependent code in StartCapture.// 应当在StartCapture中被设置，基于不同的平台VideoCaptureCapability _requestedCapability RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);private:void UpdateFrameCount();uint32_t CalculateFrameRate(int64_t now_ns);int32_t DeliverCapturedFrame(VideoFrame& captureFrame)RTC_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(api_lock_);void DeliverRawFrame(uint8_t* videoFrame,size_t videoFrameLength,const VideoCaptureCapability& frameInfo,int64_t captureTime)RTC_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(api_lock_);// last time the module process function was called.// 上一次模块过程函数被调用的时间int64_t _lastProcessTimeNanos RTC_GUARDED_BY(capture_checker_);// last time the frame rate callback function was called.// 上一次帧率回调函数被调用的时间int64_t _lastFrameRateCallbackTimeNanos RTC_GUARDED_BY(capture_checker_);rtc::VideoSinkInterface<VideoFrame>* _dataCallBack RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_lock_);RawVideoSinkInterface* _rawDataCallBack RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_lock_);int64_t _lastProcessFrameTimeNanos RTC_GUARDED_BY(capture_checker_);// timestamp for local captured frames// 本地捕获帧的时间戳int64_t _incomingFrameTimesNanos[kFrameRateCountHistorySize] RTC_GUARDED_BY(capture_checker_);// Set if the frame should be rotated by the capture module.// 如果需要旋转，则由采集模块配置VideoRotation _rotateFrame RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_lock_);// Indicate whether rotation should be applied before delivered externally.bool apply_rotation_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_lock_);
};

在上面的声明中，涉及到了VideoSinkInterface和RawVideoSinkInterface两个类，这两个类都能够用于处理获取的视频帧。VideoSinkInterface的声明位于api/video/video_sink_interface.h中，RawVideoSinkInterface的声明位于modules/video_capture/raw_video_sink_interface.h中。从声明中可以看出，其中定义的核心函数分别是OnRawFrame()和OnFrame()，均为回调函数（一般带有On前缀的是回调函数）。

// 位于modules/video_capture/raw_video_sink_interface.h
class RawVideoSinkInterface {public:virtual ~RawVideoSinkInterface() = default;// 处理原始视频帧virtual int32_t OnRawFrame(uint8_t* videoFrame,size_t videoFrameLength,const webrtc::VideoCaptureCapability& frameInfo,VideoRotation rotation,int64_t captureTime) = 0;
};// 位于api/video/video_sink_interface.h
template <typename VideoFrameT>
class VideoSinkInterface {public:virtual ~VideoSinkInterface() = default;// 处理视频帧virtual void OnFrame(const VideoFrameT& frame) = 0;// Should be called by the source when it discards the frame due to rate// limiting.// 当源由于速率限制丢弃帧时，应该被源调用。virtual void OnDiscardedFrame() {}// Called on the network thread when video constraints change.// TODO(crbug/1255737): make pure virtual once downstream project adapts.// 在网络线程上调用，当视频约束发生变化时。// TODO(crbug/1255737)：一旦下游项目适应，就变为纯虚函数。virtual void OnConstraintsChanged(const webrtc::VideoTrackSourceConstraints& /* constraints */) {}
};

1.5 Windows平台下设备信息的实现（DeviceInfoDS）

老版本的Windows设备使用的是DirectShow（DS）多媒体框架，新版本的Windows设备普遍使用的是Microsoft Media Foundation（IMF）多媒体框架，新版本Windows兼容DirectShow。DeviceInfoDS描述了在Windows平台下，处理视频采集设备类的实现，其声明位于modules/video_capture/windows/device_info_ds.h

class DeviceInfoDS : public DeviceInfoImpl {public:// Factory function.static DeviceInfoDS* Create();DeviceInfoDS();~DeviceInfoDS() override;// 设备的初始化int32_t Init() override;// 设备的数量uint32_t NumberOfDevices() override;/** Returns the available capture devices.*/// 获取可用设备int32_t GetDeviceName(uint32_t deviceNumber,char* deviceNameUTF8,uint32_t deviceNameLength,char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t deviceUniqueIdUTF8Length,char* productUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t productUniqueIdUTF8Length) override;/** Display OS /capture device specific settings dialog*/// 显示操作系统/捕获设备特定的设置对话框。int32_t DisplayCaptureSettingsDialogBox(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,const char* dialogTitleUTF8,void* parentWindow,uint32_t positionX,uint32_t positionY) override;// Windows specific/* Gets a capture device filterThe user of this API is responsible for releasing the filter when it notneeded.*/// 获取一个捕获设备过滤器，使用此API的用户在不再需要该过滤器时负责释放它。IBaseFilter* GetDeviceFilter(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,char* productUniqueIdUTF8 = NULL,uint32_t productUniqueIdUTF8Length = 0);// 获取Windows平台下设备的能力int32_t GetWindowsCapability(int32_t capabilityIndex,VideoCaptureCapabilityWindows& windowsCapability);// 获取product的ID号static void GetProductId(const char* devicePath,char* productUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t productUniqueIdUTF8Length);protected:// 获取设备信息int32_t GetDeviceInfo(uint32_t deviceNumber,char* deviceNameUTF8,uint32_t deviceNameLength,char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t deviceUniqueIdUTF8Length,char* productUniqueIdUTF8,uint32_t productUniqueIdUTF8Length);// 创建能力图int32_t CreateCapabilityMap(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8) overrideRTC_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(_apiLock);private:// ICreateDevEnum 接口用于创建一个设备枚举器，该枚举器可以列出系统中的所有视频捕获设备。// 这个变量用于访问和管理视频捕获设备。ICreateDevEnum* _dsDevEnum;// IEnumMoniker 接口用于枚举设备，它提供了迭代设备的能力。// 这个变量用于遍历和管理设备列表。IEnumMoniker* _dsMonikerDevEnum;// CoUninitialize 是Windows API中的一个函数，用于在应用程序结束之前清理COM库。// 这个变量通常用于确保在应用程序退出时正确清理COM资源。bool _CoUninitializeIsRequired;// VideoCaptureCapabilityWindows 是一个类，它封装了Windows平台上的视频捕获能力，如分辨率、帧率和格式等。// 这个变量用于存储和管理Windows平台上所有可用的视频捕获能力。std::vector<VideoCaptureCapabilityWindows> _captureCapabilitiesWindows;
};

其中使用的VideoCaptureCapabilityWindows的声明如下

struct VideoCaptureCapabilityWindows : public VideoCaptureCapability {uint32_t directShowCapabilityIndex;bool supportFrameRateControl;VideoCaptureCapabilityWindows() {directShowCapabilityIndex = 0;supportFrameRateControl = false;}
};

1.6 Windows平台接受采集数据（CaptureInputPin和CaptureSinkFilter）

从Windows平台上接受采集数据的类有两个，CaptureInputPin和CaptureSinkFilter，其中CaptureInputPin直接与Windows端口连接，更加底层，而CaptureSinkFilter会处理从Windows端口获取的帧数据，还会对连接进行操作，相对而言上层一点。CaptureInputPin声明位于modules/video_capture/windows/sink_filter_ds.h中，实现了一系列与Windows平台对接的函数，如连接、问询、接收数据等功能

// Input pin for camera input
// Implements IMemInputPin, IPin.
class CaptureInputPin : public IMemInputPin, public IPin {public:CaptureInputPin(CaptureSinkFilter* filter);// 根据要求设置能力HRESULT SetRequestedCapability(const VideoCaptureCapability& capability);// Notifications from the filter.// Filter使用的回调函数void OnFilterActivated();void OnFilterDeactivated();protected:virtual ~CaptureInputPin();private:CaptureSinkFilter* Filter() const;// 尝试连接HRESULT AttemptConnection(IPin* receive_pin, const AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type);std::vector<AM_MEDIA_TYPE*> DetermineCandidateFormats(IPin* receive_pin,const AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type);void ClearAllocator(bool decommit);HRESULT CheckDirection(IPin* pin) const;// IUnknown/* STDMETHOD宏，它通常定义为virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE，其中STDMETHODCALLTYPE是一个调用约定宏，确保函数使用stdcall调用约定，这是COM接口的标准调用约定。*/ // 用来查询视频捕获设备是否支持特定的接口， 例如IMediaEvent或IMediaControl// REFIID是IID（Interface Identifier）的引用类型STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(REFIID riid, void** ppv) override;// clang-format off// clang isn't sure what to do with the longer STDMETHOD() function// declarations.// IPin// 建立两个DirectShow过滤器之间的连接，receive_pin参数是指向接收端过滤器的IPin// 接口的指针，这个过滤器是数据流的接收端STDMETHOD(Connect)(IPin* receive_pin,const AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type) override;// STDMETHOD(ReceiveConnection)(IPin* connector,const AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type) override;STDMETHOD(Disconnect)() override;STDMETHOD(ConnectedTo)(IPin** pin) override;STDMETHOD(ConnectionMediaType)(AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type) override;STDMETHOD(QueryPinInfo)(PIN_INFO* info) override;STDMETHOD(QueryDirection)(PIN_DIRECTION* pin_dir) override;STDMETHOD(QueryId)(LPWSTR* id) override;STDMETHOD(QueryAccept)(const AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type) override;STDMETHOD(EnumMediaTypes)(IEnumMediaTypes** types) override;STDMETHOD(QueryInternalConnections)(IPin** pins, ULONG* count) override;STDMETHOD(EndOfStream)() override;STDMETHOD(BeginFlush)() override;STDMETHOD(EndFlush)() override;STDMETHOD(NewSegment)(REFERENCE_TIME start, REFERENCE_TIME stop,double rate) override;// IMemInputPinSTDMETHOD(GetAllocator)(IMemAllocator** allocator) override;STDMETHOD(NotifyAllocator)(IMemAllocator* allocator, BOOL read_only) override;STDMETHOD(GetAllocatorRequirements)(ALLOCATOR_PROPERTIES* props) override;STDMETHOD(Receive)(IMediaSample* sample) override;STDMETHOD(ReceiveMultiple)(IMediaSample** samples, long count,long* processed) override;STDMETHOD(ReceiveCanBlock)() override;// clang-format onSequenceChecker main_checker_;SequenceChecker capture_checker_;VideoCaptureCapability requested_capability_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(main_checker_);// Accessed on the main thread when Filter()->IsStopped() (capture thread not// running), otherwise accessed on the capture thread.VideoCaptureCapability resulting_capability_;DWORD capture_thread_id_ = 0;rtc::scoped_refptr<IMemAllocator> allocator_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(main_checker_);rtc::scoped_refptr<IPin> receive_pin_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(main_checker_);std::atomic_bool flushing_{false};std::atomic_bool runtime_error_{false};// Holds a referenceless pointer to the owning filter, the name and// direction of the pin. The filter pointer can be considered const.PIN_INFO info_ = {};AM_MEDIA_TYPE media_type_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(main_checker_) = {};
};

CaptureSinkFilter的定义位于modules/video_capture/windows/sink_filter_ds.h中

// Implement IBaseFilter (including IPersist and IMediaFilter).
class CaptureSinkFilter : public IBaseFilter {public:CaptureSinkFilter(VideoCaptureImpl* capture_observer);// 根据要求设置能力HRESULT SetRequestedCapability(const VideoCaptureCapability& capability);// Called on the capture thread.// 处理从摄像头获取的帧，在capture县城中执行void ProcessCapturedFrame(unsigned char* buffer,size_t length,const VideoCaptureCapability& frame_info);void NotifyEvent(long code, LONG_PTR param1, LONG_PTR param2);bool IsStopped() const;//  IUnknown// 用于接口查询。它允许客户端请求对象的其他接口。REFIID 是一个接口ID的引用STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(REFIID riid, void** ppv) override;// IPersist// IPersist 接口的方法，用于获取对象的类ID。类ID是一个全局唯一标识符（GUID），// 用于标识对象的类。CLSID 是 GUID 类型的别名，clsid 参数是一个指向 GUID 的指针，用于存储对象的类IDSTDMETHOD(GetClassID)(CLSID* clsid) override;// IMediaFilter.// 下面都是IMediaFilter接口的方法// 获取媒体过滤器的当前状态，FILTER_STATE 是一个枚举类型，表示过滤器的状态（如停止、暂停、运行等）STDMETHOD(GetState)(DWORD msecs, FILTER_STATE* state) override;// 设置同步源。IReferenceClock 是一个接口，提供时间戳和同步功能。STDMETHOD(SetSyncSource)(IReferenceClock* clock) override;// 获取当前的同步源STDMETHOD(GetSyncSource)(IReferenceClock** clock) override;// 暂停媒体流的处理STDMETHOD(Pause)() override;// 开始处理媒体流STDMETHOD(Run)(REFERENCE_TIME start) override;// 停止媒体流的处理STDMETHOD(Stop)() override;// IBaseFilter// 下面都是IBaseFilter接口的方法// 枚举一个过滤器的所有pinSTDMETHOD(EnumPins)(IEnumPins** pins) override;// 根据引脚的标识符查找特定的pinSTDMETHOD(FindPin)(LPCWSTR id, IPin** pin) override;// 查询过滤器的信息STDMETHOD(QueryFilterInfo)(FILTER_INFO* info) override;// 将过滤器加入到一个过滤器图（filter graph）中STDMETHOD(JoinFilterGraph)(IFilterGraph* graph, LPCWSTR name) override;// 查询过滤器的供应商信息STDMETHOD(QueryVendorInfo)(LPWSTR* vendor_info) override;protected:virtual ~CaptureSinkFilter();private:/*关于SequenceChecker的解释，WebRTC是这么说的：SequenceChecker 是一个辅助类，用于帮助验证类的某些方法是否在相同的任务队列或线程上被调用。如果一个 SequenceChecker 对象是在任务队列上创建的，那么它就与该任务队列绑定；否则，它与一个线程绑定。*/SequenceChecker main_checker_; const rtc::scoped_refptr<ComRefCount<CaptureInputPin>> input_pin_;VideoCaptureImpl* const capture_observer_;FILTER_INFO info_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(main_checker_) = {};// Set/cleared in JoinFilterGraph. The filter must be stopped (no capture)// at that time, so no lock is required. While the state is not stopped,// the sink will be used from the capture thread.IMediaEventSink* sink_ = nullptr;FILTER_STATE state_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(main_checker_) = State_Stopped;
};

1.7 Windows平台执行采集（VideoCaptureDS）

Windows平台执行采集的类为VideoCaptureDS，其父类为VideoCaptureImpl。在VideoCaptureDS中，主要实现了采集的开始/结束两个函数，即StartCapture()和StopCapture()。VideoCaptureDS

class VideoCaptureDS : public VideoCaptureImpl {public:VideoCaptureDS();virtual int32_t Init(const char* deviceUniqueIdUTF8);/***************************************************************************   Start/Stop**************************************************************************/int32_t StartCapture(const VideoCaptureCapability& capability) override;int32_t StopCapture() override;/****************************************************************************   Properties of the set device***************************************************************************/bool CaptureStarted() override;int32_t CaptureSettings(VideoCaptureCapability& settings) override;protected:~VideoCaptureDS() override;// Help functionsint32_t SetCameraOutput(const VideoCaptureCapability& requestedCapability);int32_t DisconnectGraph();HRESULT ConnectDVCamera();DeviceInfoDS _dsInfo RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);IBaseFilter* _captureFilter RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);IGraphBuilder* _graphBuilder RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);IMediaControl* _mediaControl RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);rtc::scoped_refptr<CaptureSinkFilter> sink_filter_RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);IPin* _inputSendPin RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);IPin* _outputCapturePin RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);// Microsoft DV interface (external DV cameras)IBaseFilter* _dvFilter RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);IPin* _inputDvPin RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);IPin* _outputDvPin RTC_GUARDED_BY(api_checker_);
};

2.数据图

面向Windows平台的视频帧采集流程，结合UML图，做了一张数据流图，大体分为四个步骤：
（1）从摄像头获取视频帧数据（底层实现）
（2）处理从摄像头中获取到的视频帧
（3）处理从Windows层获取到的视频帧，并且送入帧处理器中
从底层获取的帧，可以分为RawFrame和Frame，RawFrame通常是未转换格式的帧，如MJPG，而Frame通常是转换格式之后的帧，如I420格式。
（4）处理获取的帧
对于已经获取的帧，可以送入到渲染当中进行本地渲染显示，也可以送入到编码流程当中进行编码，随后发送到远端。大多数情况下，会同时进行本地显示和编码发送，所以需要以组播的方式发送到两个不同的模块当中。