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.Net日志组件之NLog的使用和配置

1、新建.Net8控制台项目

2、Nuget安装NLog组件

install-package NLog.Extensions.Logging

3、添加配置文件nlog.config

4、右键文件nlog.config，修改属性为“始终复制 or 较新则复制”

5、编写nlog.config配置文件内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><!--输出目标,往哪里输出--><targets><!--此部分中的所有目标将自动异步--><default-wrapper xsi:type="AsyncWrapper"></default-wrapper><!--type:日志输出类型 File:文件 ColoredConsole:控制台--><!--fileName:日志存储的路径及名称--><!--layout:日志输出格式--><!-- archiveFileName：要用于存档的文件的名称 可以指定日志 --><!-- archiveAboveSize：以字节为单位的大小，超过该大小的日志文件将被自动存档 --><!-- archiveNumbering：对文件档案进行编号的方式 --><!-- concurrentWrites：当使用keepFileOpen = true时，支持从同一机器主机上的多个进程优化并发写入同一日志文件。通过使用一种特殊的技术，它可以让文件从多个进程中打开。如果只有单个进程（和单个 AppDomain）应用程序正在记录日志，那么设置为concurrentWrites = False会更快。 --><!-- keepFileOpen：指示是否在每次记录事件时保持日志文件打开，将此属性更改为 true 将大大提高性能，但也会保持文件句柄锁定。启用此选项时，请考虑设置openFileCacheTimeout = 30，因为它将允许存档操作并对被删除的日志文件做出反应。 --><!--项目日志保存文件路径说明fileName="${basedir}/保存目录，以年月日的格式创建/${shortdate}/${记录器名称}-${单级记录}-${shortdate}.txt"--><target name="info_file" xsi:type="File"fileName="${basedir}/Logs/${shortdate}/info_${shortdate}.txt"layout="${longdate} | ${event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0} | ${uppercase:${level}} | ${logger} | ${message} ${exception:format=tostring}"archiveFileName="${basedir}/archives/info_${shortdate}-{#####}.txt"archiveAboveSize="102400"archiveNumbering="Sequence"concurrentWrites="true"keepFileOpen="false" /><target name="error_file" xsi:type="File"fileName="${basedir}/Logs/${shortdate}/error_${shortdate}.txt"layout="${longdate} | ${event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0} | ${uppercase:${level}} | ${logger} | ${message} ${exception:format=tostring}"archiveFileName="${basedir}/archives/error_${shortdate}-{#####}.txt"archiveAboveSize="102400"archiveNumbering="Sequence"concurrentWrites="true"keepFileOpen="false" /><targetxsi:type="ColoredConsole"name="colorConsole"encoding="Encoding"detectConsoleAvailable="true"detectOutputRedirected="false"useDefaultRowHighlightingRules="false"header="--------------------"layout="${longdate}|${level:uppercase=true}|${logger}|${message}|${exception} ${newline} ${stacktrace} ${newline}"footer="---------------------"><highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Trace" foregroundColor="DarkGray"/><highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Debug" foregroundColor="DarkBlue"/><highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Info" foregroundColor="White"/><highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Warn" foregroundColor="DarkYellow"/><highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Error" foregroundColor="Red"/><highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Fatal" foregroundColor="DarkRed"/></target><!--使用可自定义的着色将日志消息写入控制台--><!-- <target name="console" xsi:type="ColoredConsole" layout="[${date:format=HH\:mm\:ss}]:${message} ${exception:format=message}" /> --></targets><!--规则配置,final - 最终规则匹配后不处理任何规则--><!--定义使用哪个target输出--><rules><!-- 优先级从高到低依次为：OFF、FATAL、ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG、TRACE、 ALL --><!-- 将所有日志输出到文件 --><logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" maxlevel="Warn" writeTo="info_file" /><logger name="*" minlevel="Error" writeTo="error_file" /><!-- 将所有日志输出到控制台  --><logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="colorConsole" /></rules>
</nlog>

6、编写c#代码测试记录简单日志

private static Logger _logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();/// <summary>/// 测试记录日志/// </summary>public static void TestWriteLog(){//记录日志_logger.Info("测试NLog写日志 - Info");try{//转换var a = Convert.ToInt32("测试NLog写日志 - Error");}catch (Exception e){//记录日志_logger.Error(e, "测试NLog写日志 - Error");}}

2024-09-19 14:25:52.0496 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | 测试NLog写日志 - Info 
2024-09-19 14:35:45.2005 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | New SystemUser at 2024-09-19 14:35:45，Detail is {"Id":"f387511d-5f9d-4173-be77-4e3d0d535002", "Name":"姓名 - 0", "Age":23, "Birthday":"12/20/2024", "Hobbys":[]} 
2024-09-19 14:35:45.2311 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | New SystemUser at 2024-09-19 14:35:45，Detail is {"Id":"1ae83538-3e8d-4113-8417-5d6715e2cfaf", "Name":"姓名 - 1", "Age":25, "Birthday":"12/17/2026", "Hobbys":[]} 
2024-09-19 14:35:45.2501 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | New SystemUser at 2024-09-19 14:35:45，Detail is {"Id":"55d545af-f9fc-4a3c-817e-6713f697e0f3", "Name":"姓名 - 2", "Age":22, "Birthday":"10/26/2028", "Hobbys":[]} 
2024-09-19 14:35:45.2501 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | New SystemUser at 2024-09-19 14:35:45，Detail is {"Id":"ea8d300d-caf9-4afb-a02f-a88f5a2ef946", "Name":"姓名 - 3", "Age":18, "Birthday":"03/12/2015", "Hobbys":["篮球，足球，羽毛球，麻将"]} 
2024-09-19 14:35:45.2501 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | New SystemUser at 2024-09-19 14:35:45，Detail is {"Id":"57b1bbf7-87b2-4847-b404-dac0b8ff66e9", "Name":"姓名 - 4", "Age":26, "Birthday":"04/01/2031", "Hobbys":[]} 
2024-09-19 14:35:45.2501 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | New SystemUser at 2024-09-19 14:35:45，Detail is {"Id":"e4fc8688-a6fd-48c4-be56-def34edfce9b", "Name":"姓名 - 5", "Age":33, "Birthday":"11/05/2019", "Hobbys":["篮球，足球，羽毛球，麻将"]} 
2024-09-19 14:35:45.2501 | 0 | INFO | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | New SystemUser at 2024-09-19 14:35:45，Detail is {"Id":"4db7bd7f-aef8-42df-a10d-a5bf822cbff2", "Name":"姓名 - 6", "Age":26, "Birthday":"05/02/2017", "Hobbys":[]} 

2024-09-19 14:25:52.0526 | 0 | ERROR | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | 测试NLog写日志 - Error System.FormatException: The input string '测试NLog写日志 - Error' was not in a correct format.at System.Number.ThrowFormatException[TChar](ReadOnlySpan`1 value)at System.Convert.ToInt32(String value)at TestNLogApp.TestNLogService.TestWriteLog() in D:\01.lingbug\04.code\15.testMiniAuth20240918\TestNLogApp\TestNLogService.cs:line 24
2024-09-19 14:56:30.6702 | 0 | ERROR | TestNLogApp.TestNLogService | 测试NLog写日志 - Error System.FormatException: The input string '测试NLog写日志 - Error' was not in a correct format.at System.Number.ThrowFormatException[TChar](ReadOnlySpan`1 value)at System.Convert.ToInt32(String value)at TestNLogApp.TestNLogService.TestWriteLog() in D:\01.lingbug\04.code\15.testMiniAuth20240918\TestNLogApp\TestNLogService.cs:line 25

7、编写c#代码测试记录实体日志

public class SystemUser{public Guid Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public int Age { get; set; }public DateOnly Birthday { get; set; }public List<string> Hobbys { get; set; }}private static Logger _logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();/// <summary>/// 测试记录日志 - 实体/// </summary>public static void TestWriteEntityLog(){for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){//初始化var systemUser = new SystemUser();//赋值systemUser.Id = Guid.NewGuid();systemUser.Name = $"姓名 - {i}";systemUser.Age = Random.Shared.Next(18, 35);systemUser.Birthday = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddYears(Random.Shared.Next(-10, 10)).AddMonths(Random.Shared.Next(-10, 10)).AddDays(Random.Shared.Next(-30, 30)));systemUser.Hobbys = new List<string>() { "篮球，足球，羽毛球，麻将" }.Skip(Random.Shared.Next(0, 2)).ToList();//记录日志_logger.Info("New SystemUser at {now}，Detail is {@systemUser}", DateTime.Now, systemUser);}}

8、配置文件参考链接

• NLog配置文件详解