概念
 
键值对的集合,用于表示复杂数据结构
 
内容
 
属性:描述对象特征的值(原始类型或其他对象)
 
方法:对象能够执行的操作(函数类型的属性)
 
创建方式
 
1:字面量创建
 
  const user = {username: 'codeMaster',age: 28, isAdmin: false,login: function () { console.log(`${this.username} 登录成功`); }};
 
2:构造函数创建
 
        function Book(title, author, price) {this.title = title;this.author = author;this.price = price;this.getInfo = function () {return `${this.title} - ${this.author} [¥${this.price}]`;};}const jsBook = new Book('JS高级编程', 'Nicholas C.Zakas', 99);
 
3: Object.create() 创建
 
  const parentObj = { type: 'parent' };const childObj = Object.create(parentObj, {name: { value: 'child' },age: { value: 2 }});
 
对象属性深度操作
 
1:属性访问
 
 		console.log(jsBook.title); const propName = 'author';console.log(jsBook[propName]); 
 
2:属性修改/添加
 
        jsBook.publisher = '人民邮电出版社';jsBook['publishYear'] = 2023;jsBook.discount = function (percent) {return this.price * (1 - percent);};
 
3:属性删除
 
	delete jsBook.publishYear;
 
4:属性检测
 
console.log('price' in jsBook); 
console.log(jsBook.hasOwnProperty('author')); 
 
5:属性遍历
 
  for (let key in jsBook) {if (jsBook.hasOwnProperty(key)) {console.log(`${key}: ${jsBook[key]}`);}}
 
方法
 
const calculator = {PI: 3.1415926,add: function (a, b) { return a + b },multiply(a, b) { return a * b;},badThisExample: () => {console.log(this); }}
 
特性
 
1: 原型系统
 
function Animal(name) {  this.name = name;
}
Animal.prototype.speak = function () {console.log(`${this.name} 发出声音`);
};
class Dog extends Animal { constructor(name, breed) { super(name); this.breed = breed; }bark() { console.log('汪汪!'); }}const myDog = new Dog('阿黄', '中华田园犬');
 
2:属性描述符
 
const obj = {};
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'readOnlyProp', {value: 42,writable: false,enumerable: true,configurable: false
});
 
3:对象冻结
 
const constObj = { PI: 3.14159 };
Object.freeze(constObj);
constObj.PI = 3.14; 
 
常用对象操作
 
1:合并
 
const defaults = { color: 'red', size: 'medium' };
const userSettings = { size: 'large', darkMode: true };
const merged = Object.assign({}, defaults, userSettings);
 
2:解构
 
const { brand, model, specifications: { battery } } = smartphone;
console.log(`${brand} ${model} 电池容量: ${battery}`);
 
3:JSON转换
 
const jsonStr = JSON.stringify(jsBook);
const jsonStr = JSON.stringify(jsBook);
 
实践与注意
 
1:对象引用特性
 
const objA = { value: 1 };
const objB = objA;
objB.value = 2;
console.log(objA.value); 
 
2:深浅拷贝选择
 
Object.assign() 执行浅拷贝
深拷贝建议使用 JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj)) 或工具库
 
3:原型链污染防范
 
Object.prototype.customMethod = function() {};
const safeObj = Object.create(null);
 
4:属性存在性检查
 
if (obj.someProp) {  }
if ('someProp' in obj) {  }