面向对象——继承（python）

一、单继承

class Master():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[五香煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class Prentice(Master):pass
if __name__ == '__main__':result = Prentice()result.make_cake()print(Prentice.__mro__)

二、多继承

多继承就是一个类同事继承了多个父类

class Master():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[五香煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class School():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[香辣煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class Prentice(Master):pass
if __name__ == '__main__':result = Prentice()result.make_cake()print(Prentice.__mro__)

注意：当一个类有多个父类的时候。默认使用第一个父类的同名属性和方法

三、子类重写父类的同名方法和属性

子类和父类具有同名属性和方法，默认使用子类的同名属性和方法。

class Master():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[五香煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class School():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[香辣煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class Prentice(Master):def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[独创煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")pass
if __name__ == '__main__':result = Prentice()result.make_cake()print(Prentice.__mro__)

四、子类调用父类的同名方法和属性

class Master():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[五香煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class School():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[香辣煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class Prentice(Master,School):def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[独创煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):self.__init__()print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")def make_master_cake(self):Master.__init__(self)Master.make_cake(self)def make_school_cake(self):School.__init__(self)School.make_cake(self)if __name__ == '__main__':result = Prentice()result.make_cake()print(Prentice.__mro__)result.make_master_cake()result.make_school_cake()

五、多层继承

class Master():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[五香煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class School():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[香辣煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class Prentice(Master,School):def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[独创煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):self.__init__()print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")def make_master_cake(self):Master.__init__(self)Master.make_cake(self)def make_school_cake(self):School.__init__(self)School.make_cake(self)class Tusun(Prentice):passif __name__ == '__main__':result = Tusun()result.make_cake()print(Tusun.__mro__)result.make_master_cake()result.make_school_cake()

六、super（）调用父类方法

使用super()可以自动查找父类。调用顺序遵循__mro__类属性的顺序。比较适合单继承实用。

class Master():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[五香煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class School():def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[香辣煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")
class Prentice(Master,School):def __init__(self):self.kongfu = "[独创煎饼果子配方]"def make_cake(self):self.__init__()print(f"运用{self.kongfu}")def make_master_cake(self):Master.__init__(self)Master.make_cake(self)def make_school_cake(self):School.__init__(self)School.make_cake(self)def make_old_cake(self):#     # Master.__init__(self)#     # Master.make_cake(self)#     # School.__init__(self)#     # School.make_cake(self)super(Prentice,self).__init__()super(Prentice,self).make_cake()class Tusun(Prentice):def make_old_cake(self):# Master.__init__(self)# Master.make_cake(self)# School.__init__(self)# School.make_cake(self)super().__init__()super().make_cake()if __name__ == '__main__':result = Tusun()r = Prentice()# result.make_cake()# print(Tusun.__mro__)# result.make_master_cake()# result.make_school_cake()result.make_old_cake()r.make_old_cake()