1. 添加依赖
在pom.xml中添加必要的依赖：
<dependencies><!-- Spring Boot Starter Web --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- Spring Boot Starter Data JPA --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><!-- H2 Database (或你选择的其他数据库) --><dependency><groupId>com.h2database</groupId><artifactId>h2</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><!-- Redis Cache --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency><!-- RabbitMQ --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>
2. 配置文件
在application.properties中配置Redis和RabbitMQ：
# Redis Configuration
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379# RabbitMQ Configuration
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
3. 数据模型
定义Message实体类：
package com.example.inbox.model;import javax.persistence.*;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;@Entity
public class Message {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;private String senderId;private String receiverId;private String subject;private String body;private LocalDateTime timestamp;private boolean read;// Getters and Setters
}
4. Repository接口
创建MessageRepository接口：
package com.example.inbox.repository;import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repository
public interface MessageRepository extends JpaRepository<Message, Long> {
}
5. Service层
在Service层中集成缓存和消息队列：
package com.example.inbox.service;import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import com.example.inbox.repository.MessageRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.List;@Service
public class MessageService {@Autowiredprivate MessageRepository messageRepository;@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Cacheable(value = "messages", key = "#receiverId")public List<Message> getMessagesByReceiver(String receiverId) {return messageRepository.findByReceiverId(receiverId);}@CacheEvict(value = "messages", key = "#message.receiverId")public void sendMessage(Message message) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("messageQueue", message);}
}
6. 消息监听器
创建一个监听器来处理来自RabbitMQ的消息：
package com.example.inbox.listener;import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import com.example.inbox.service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class MessageListener {@Autowiredprivate MessageService messageService;@RabbitListener(queues = "messageQueue")public void receiveMessage(Message message) {message.setTimestamp(LocalDateTime.now());messageService.saveMessage(message);}
}
7. Controller
创建Controller来处理HTTP请求：
package com.example.inbox.controller;import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import com.example.inbox.service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.List;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/messages")
public class MessageController {@Autowiredprivate MessageService messageService;@GetMapping("/{receiverId}")public List<Message> getMessages(@PathVariable String receiverId) {return messageService.getMessagesByReceiver(receiverId);}@PostMappingpublic void sendMessage(@RequestBody Message message) {messageService.sendMessage(message);}
}