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一、RabbitMQ架构

可以看出RabbitMQ主要分为三个角色：

Pulisher：消息的发布者，将消息发布到RabbitMQ中Exchange;
RabbitMQ服务：Exchange接收Publisher的消息，并且根据Routes策略将消息转发到Queue中；
Consumer：消息的消费者，监听Queue中的消息并进行消费；

官方提供的架构图相对简洁，我们可以自己画一份相对完整一些的架构图：

可以看得出来Publisher和Consumer都是单独和RabbitMQ服务某一个Virtual Host建立Connection的客户端，后续通过Connection可以构建多个channel，用来发布、接收消息,一个Virtual Host中可以有多个Exchange和Queue，Exchange可以同时绑定多个Queue。

基于以上架构图再结合图形管理界面会更加清晰：

二、RabbitMQ通讯方式

RabbitMQ提供了很多中通讯方式，依然可以去官方查看：https://rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html

2.1 RabbitMQ提供的通讯方式

Hello World!：为了入门操作！
Work queues：一个队列被多个消费者消费
Publish/Subscribe：手动创建Exchange（FANOUT）
Routing：手动创建Exchange（DIRECT）
Topics：手动创建Exchange（TOPIC）
RPC：RPC方式
Publisher Confirms：保证消息可靠性

接下来我们通过代码的方式来分别演示一下，以上场景的使用方式。

2.2 构建获取RabbitMQ的Connection工具类

导入依赖：amqp-client，junit

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>5.9.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

构建工具类：

package com.mashibing.util;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;/*** @description*/
public class RabbitMQConnectionUtil {public static final String RABBITMQ_HOST = "192.168.11.32";public static final int RABBITMQ_PORT = 5672;public static final String RABBITMQ_USERNAME = "guest";public static final String RABBITMQ_PASSWORD = "guest";public static final String RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST = "/";/*** 构建RabbitMQ的连接对象* @return*/public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {//1. 创建Connection工厂ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();//2. 设置RabbitMQ的连接信息factory.setHost(RABBITMQ_HOST);factory.setPort(RABBITMQ_PORT);factory.setUsername(RABBITMQ_USERNAME);factory.setPassword(RABBITMQ_PASSWORD);factory.setVirtualHost(RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST);//3. 返回连接对象Connection connection = factory.newConnection();return connection;}}

2.3 hello world

生产者：

package com.mashibing.helloworld;import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;/*** @description* @date 2022/1/24 22:54*/
public class Publisher {public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";@Testpublic void publish() throws Exception {//1. 获取连接对象Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();//2. 构建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 构建队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);//4. 发布消息String message = "Hello World!";channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());System.out.println("消息发送成功！");}
}

消费者：

package com.mashibing.helloworld;import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;import java.io.IOException;/*** @description* @date 2022/1/24 23:02*/
public class Consumer {@Testpublic void consume() throws Exception {//1. 获取连接对象Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();//2. 构建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 构建队列channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);//4. 监听消息DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("消费者获取到消息：" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));}};channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,true,callback);System.out.println("开始监听队列");System.in.read();}
}

2.4 Work Queues

生产者：生产者和Hello World的形式是一样的，都是将消息推送到默认交换机。
消费者：让消费者关闭自动ack，并且设置消息的流控，最终实现消费者可以尽可能去多消费消息

package com.mashibing.workqueues;import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;import java.io.IOException;/*** @description* @date 2022/1/25 19:52*/
public class Consumer {@Testpublic void consume1() throws Exception {//1. 获取连接对象Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();//2. 构建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 构建队列channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);//3.5 设置消息的流控channel.basicQos(3);//4. 监听消息DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {try {Thread.sleep(100);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("消费者1号-获取到消息：" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);}};channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,callback);System.out.println("开始监听队列");System.in.read();}@Testpublic void consume2() throws Exception {//1. 获取连接对象Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();//2. 构建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 构建队列channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);channel.basicQos(3);//4. 监听消息DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("消费者2号-获取到消息：" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);}};channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,callback);System.out.println("开始监听队列");System.in.read();}
}

2.5 Publish/Subscribe

对于Exchange 的类型，大家可以参考上一篇博客的内容。

生产者：自行构建Exchange并绑定指定队列（FANOUT类型）

package com.mashibing.pubsub;import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;/*** @description* @date 2022/1/25 20:08*/
public class Publisher {public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "pubsub";public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "pubsub-one";public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "pubsub-two";@Testpublic void publish() throws Exception {//1. 获取连接对象Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();//2. 构建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 构建交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);//4. 构建队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);//5. 绑定交换机和队列，使用的是FANOUT类型的交换机，绑定方式是直接绑定channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"");channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"");//6. 发消息到交换机channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"45jk6h645jk",null,"publish/subscribe!".getBytes());System.out.println("消息成功发送！");}
}

2.6 Routing

生产者：在绑定Exchange和Queue时，需要指定好routingKey，同时在发送消息时，也指定routingKey，只有routingKey一致时，才会把指定的消息路由到指定的Queue中。

package com.mashibing.routing;import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;/*** @description* @date 2024/12/25 20:20*/
public class Publisher {public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "routing";public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "routing-one";public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "routing-two";@Testpublic void publish() throws Exception {//1. 获取连接对象Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();//2. 构建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 构建交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);//4. 构建队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);//5. 绑定交换机和队列channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"ORANGE");channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"BLACK");channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"GREEN");//6. 发消息到交换机channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"ORANGE",null,"大橙子！".getBytes());channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"BLACK",null,"黑布林大狸子".getBytes());channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"WHITE",null,"小白兔！".getBytes());System.out.println("消息成功发送！");}}

2.7 Topic

生产者：TOPIC类型可以编写带有特殊意义的routingKey的绑定方式。

package com.mashibing.topics;import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;/*** @description* @date 2022/1/25 20:28*/
public class Publisher {public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic";public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "topic-one";public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "topic-two";@Testpublic void publish() throws Exception {//1. 获取连接对象Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();//2. 构建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//3. 构建交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);//4. 构建队列channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null);channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);//5. 绑定交换机和队列，// TOPIC类型的交换机在和队列绑定时，需要以aaa.bbb.ccc..方式编写routingkey// 其中有两个特殊字符：*（相当于占位符），#（相当通配符）channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.orange.*");channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.*.rabbit");channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.#");//6. 发消息到交换机channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"big.orange.rabbit",null,"大橙兔子！".getBytes());channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"small.white.rabbit",null,"小白兔".getBytes());channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.dog.dog.dog.dog.dog.dog",null,"懒狗狗狗狗狗狗".getBytes());System.out.println("消息成功发送！");}
}

三、SpringBoot操作RabbitMQ

3.1 SpringBoot声明信息

导入依赖：

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置RabbitMQ信息

spring:rabbitmq:host: 192.168.11.32port: 5672username: guestpassword: guestvirtual-host: /

声明交互机与队列：

package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config;import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** @description* @date 2024/12/8 20:25*/
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {public static final String EXCHANGE = "boot-exchange";public static final String QUEUE = "boot-queue";public static final String ROUTING_KEY = "*.black.*";@Beanpublic Exchange bootExchange(){// channel.DeclareExchangereturn ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE).build();}@Beanpublic Queue bootQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE).build();}@Beanpublic Binding bootBinding(Exchange bootExchange,Queue bootQueue){return BindingBuilder.bind(bootQueue).to(bootExchange).with(ROUTING_KEY).noargs();}
}

3.2 生产者

通过引入RabbitMQTemplate来发送消息。

package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot;import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTest
public class PublisherTest {@Autowiredpublic RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testpublic void publish(){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE,"big.black.dog","message");System.out.println("消息发送成功");}@Testpublic void publishWithProps(){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE, "big.black.dog", "messageWithProps", new MessagePostProcessor() {@Overridepublic Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {message.getMessageProperties().setCorrelationId("123");return message;}});System.out.println("消息发送成功");}
}

3.3 消费者

package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot;import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.IOException;@Component
public class ConsumeListener {@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.QUEUE)public void consume(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException {System.out.println("队列的消息为：" + msg);String correlationId = message.getMessageProperties().getCorrelationId();System.out.println("唯一标识为：" + correlationId);channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);}
}

四、RabbitMQ保证消息的可靠性

上一章节中我们也大体介绍了如果保证RabbitMQ消息的可靠性，在这一章节中我们主要结合代码来说明这一点。

总体来说需要保证RabbitMQ消息的可靠性，主要是：

保障消息一定送达到Exchange；
保障消息可以路由到Queue；
保障队列可以持久化消息；
保障消费者可以正常消费消息；

4.1 如果保障消息可以到达Exchange

Confirm机制：可以通过Confirm效果保证消息一定送达到Exchange，官方提供了三种方式，选择了对于效率影响最低的异步回调的效果。

//4. 开启confirms
channel.confirmSelect();//5. 设置confirms的异步回调
channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {@Overridepublic void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {System.out.println("消息成功的发送到Exchange！");}@Overridepublic void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {System.out.println("消息没有发送到Exchange，尝试重试，或者保存到数据库做其他补偿操作！");}
});

4.2 保证消息可以路由到 Queue

Return机制：为了保证Exchange一定可以送达到Queue。

//6. 设置Return回调，确认消息是否路由到了Queue
channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() {@Overridepublic void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("消息没有路由到指定队列，做其他的补偿措施！！");}
});
//7. 在发送消息时，将basicPublish方法参数中的mandatory设置为true，即可开启Return机制，当消息没有路由到队列中时，就会执行return回调

4.3 保证Queue可以持久化消息

DeliveryMode设置消息持久化， DeliveryMode设置为2代表持久化，如果设置为1，就代表不会持久化。

//7. 设置消息持久化
AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().deliveryMode(2).build();//7. 发布消息
channel.basicPublish("","confirms",true,props,message.getBytes());

4.4 保证消费者可以正常消费消息

请查看上面的work queue模式。

4.5 Spring Boot实现RabbitMQ的消息可靠性

4.5.1Confirm

编写配置文件开启Confirm机制

spring:rabbitmq:publisher-confirm-type: correlated  # 新版本publisher-confirms: true  # 老版本

在发送消息时，配置RabbitMqTemplate

@Test
public void publishWithConfirms() throws IOException {rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {@Overridepublic void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {if(ack){System.out.println("消息已经送达到交换机！！");}else{System.out.println("消息没有送达到Exchange，需要做一些补偿操作！！retry！！！");}}});rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE,"big.black.dog","message");System.out.println("消息发送成功");System.in.read();
}

4.5.2 Return机制

编写配置文件开启Return机制。

spring:rabbitmq:publisher-returns: true # 开启Return机制

在发送消息时，配置RabbitMQTemplate

@Test
public void publishWithReturn() throws IOException {// 新版本用 setReturnsCallback ，老版本用setReturnCallbackrabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback() {@Overridepublic void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {String msg = new String(returned.getMessage().getBody());System.out.println("消息：" + msg + "路由队列失败！！做补救操作！！");}});rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE,"big.black.dog","message");System.out.println("消息发送成功");System.in.read();
}

4.5.3 消息持久化

@Test
public void publishWithBasicProperties() throws IOException {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE, "big.black.dog", "message", new MessagePostProcessor() {@Overridepublic Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {// 设置消息的持久化！message.getMessageProperties().setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);return message;}});System.out.println("消息发送成功");
}

五、RabbitMQ死信队列&延迟交换机

5.1 什么是死信队列

死信队列的应用：

基于死信队列在队列消息已满的情况下，消息也不会丢失；
实现延迟消费的效果。比如：下订单时，有15分钟的付款时间。

5.2 实现死信队列

5.2.1 准备Exchange&Queue

@Configuration
public class DeadLetterConfig {public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal-exchange";public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal-queue";public static final String NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY = "normal.#";public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead-exchange";public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead-queue";public static final String DEAD_ROUTING_KEY = "dead.#";@Beanpublic Exchange normalExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(NORMAL_EXCHANGE).build();}@Beanpublic Queue normalQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE).deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE).deadLetterRoutingKey("dead.abc").build();}@Beanpublic Binding normalBinding(Queue normalQueue,Exchange normalExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(normalQueue).to(normalExchange).with(NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();}@Beanpublic Exchange deadExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE).build();}@Beanpublic Queue deadQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(DEAD_QUEUE).build();}@Beanpublic Binding deadBinding(Queue deadQueue,Exchange deadExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(deadQueue).to(deadExchange).with(DEAD_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();}}

5.2.2 实现效果

基于消费进行reject或者nack实现死信效果

import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.DeadLetterConfig;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.IOException;@Component
public class DeadListener {@RabbitListener(queues = DeadLetterConfig.NORMAL_QUEUE)public void consume(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到normal队列的消息：" + msg);channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);}
}

基于消息的生存时间：1、给消息设置生存时间。

@Test
public void publishExpire(){String msg = "dead letter expire";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DeadLetterConfig.NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal.abc", msg, new MessagePostProcessor() {@Overridepublic Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration("5000");return message;}});
}

给队列设置生存时间。

@Bean
public Queue normalQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE).deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE).deadLetterRoutingKey("dead.abc").ttl(10000).build();
}

基于设置Queue中的消息最大长度。

@Bean
public Queue normalQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE).deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE).deadLetterRoutingKey("dead.abc").maxLength(1).build();
}

5.3 延迟交换机

下载地址：https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-delayed-message-exchange/releases/tag/3.8.9 ；

死信队列实现延迟消费时，如果延迟时间比较复杂，比较多，直接使用死信队列时，需要创建大量的队列还对应不同的时间，可以采用延迟交换机来解决这个问题。

构建延迟交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/*** @author zjw* @description*/
@Configuration
public class DelayedConfig {public static final String DELAYED_EXCHANGE = "delayed-exchange";public static final String DELAYED_QUEUE = "delayed-queue";public static final String DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY = "delayed.#";@Beanpublic Exchange delayedExchange(){Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();arguments.put("x-delayed-type","topic");Exchange exchange = new CustomExchange(DELAYED_EXCHANGE,"x-delayed-message",true,false,arguments);return exchange;}@Beanpublic Queue delayedQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(DELAYED_QUEUE).build();}@Beanpublic Binding delayedBinding(Queue delayedQueue,Exchange delayedExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(delayedQueue).to(delayedExchange).with(DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();}
}

发送消息；

import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.DelayedConfig;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTest
public class DelayedPublisherTest {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testpublic void publish(){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DelayedConfig.DELAYED_EXCHANGE, "delayed.abc", "xxxx", new MessagePostProcessor() {@Overridepublic Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {message.getMessageProperties().setDelay(30000);return message;}});}
}

六、RabbitMQ集群

RabbitMQ的镜像模式。

6.1 搭建RabbitMQ集群

准备两台虚拟机（克隆）
准备RabbitMQ的yml文件

分别编写RabbitMQ的docker-compose文件。

version: '3.1'
services:rabbitmq1:image: rabbitmq:3.8.5-management-alpinecontainer_name: rabbitmq1hostname: rabbitmq1extra_hosts:- "rabbitmq1:192.168.11.32"- "rabbitmq2:192.168.11.33"environment: - RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE=SDJHFGDFFSports:- 5672:5672- 15672:15672- 4369:4369- 25672:25672

rabbitmq2：

version: '3.1'
services:rabbitmq2:image: rabbitmq:3.8.5-management-alpinecontainer_name: rabbitmq2hostname: rabbitmq2extra_hosts:- "rabbitmq1:192.168.11.32"- "rabbitmq2:192.168.11.33"environment: - RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE=SDJHFGDFFSports:- 5672:5672- 15672:15672- 4369:4369- 25672:25672

准备完毕之后，启动两台RabbitMQ。

让RabbitMQ服务实现join操作，需要再rabbitmq2执行4个命令，让rabbitmq2加入到rabbitmq1中。

rabbitmqctl stop_app
rabbitmqctl reset 
rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq1
rabbitmqctl start_app

执行成功后：

镜像队列通过在RabbitMQ集群中的多个节点上复制队列的内容，确保即使某个节点发生故障，队列及其消息仍然可以从其他节点恢复。这种机制基于主从复制模式，其中一个节点作为领导者（Leader，或主节点Master），负责处理所有的写入操作和部分读取操作，而其余的节点作为跟随者（Followers，或副节点Slave），从领导者那里同步消息。

设置镜像模式：在指定的RabbitMQ服务中设置好镜像策略即可。