MYSQL双主双从，使用Keepalived双机热备+LVS高可用群集
文档只记录Keepalived+LVS+mysql主从，不包含检验，如需检验，请自行添加web服务器
一、IP规划
| 服务器 | IP | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| master1 | 192.168.100.131 | master2的从 |
| master2 | 192.168.100.132 | master1的从 |
| slave1 | 192.168.100.134 | master1的从 |
| slave2 | 192.168.100.135 | master2的从 |
| KI1 | 192.168.100.137 | 主 |
| KI2 | 192.168.100.138 | 从 |
| 虚拟ip | 192.168.100.200 | 热备ip |
二、具体配置
1.master1
配置ip：192.168.100.131
关闭防护墙，selinux
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
下载mariadb
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
编辑mariadb配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
添加以下内容
# 标识（0-65535范围）
server-id=1# 日志文件名称前缀
log-bin=mysql-bin# 排除不复制的库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=sys# 配置中继日志名称
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin# 配置排除的库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db=sys# 编码格
init-connect='SET NAMES UTF8'
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character-set-server=utf8# 开启联等备份
log_slave_updates=1
修改完成重启服务
# 重启服务
systemctl restart mariadb# 配置mysql密码，123456
mysql_secure_installation
授权
# 进入mysql
mysql -uroot -p123456# 创建用户
create user "backup"@"%" identified by '123456';# 授权
grant replication slave on *.* to "backup"@"%" identified by "123456";
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';# 刷新权限
flush privileges;# 查询Log_file，log_pos
show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 1947 | | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)# 从库连接主库，MASTER_LOG_FILE与MASTER_LOG_POS的值由主库信息获得
change master to
MASTER_HOST='192.168.100.132',
MASTER_USER='backup',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
MASTER_LOG_POS=1947;# 开启复制
start slave;# 查看slave状态，Slave_IO_Running，Slave_SQL_Running的状态要为Yes
show slave status \G;
虚拟网卡
# 添加虚拟网卡（回环地址）
cat >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo:0 << EOF
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.200
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
ONBOOT=yes
EOF# 重启网络
systemctl restart network# 查看是否有虚拟ip
ip a
写入路由指向
# 下载网络工具
yum -y install net-tools# 添加路由信息
route add -host 192.168.100.200 dev lo:0
调整/proc内核参数，关闭ARP响应
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
EOFsysctl -p
2.master2
配置ip：192.168.100.132
关闭防护墙，selinux
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
下载mariadb
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
编辑mariadb配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
添加以下内容
# 标识（0-65535范围）
server-id=2# 日志文件名称前缀
log-bin=mysql-bin# 排除不复制的库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=sys# 配置中继日志名称
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin# 配置排除的库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db=sys# 编码格
init-connect='SET NAMES UTF8'
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character-set-server=utf8# 开启联等备份
log_slave_updates=1
修改完成重启服务
# 重启服务
systemctl restart mariadb# 配置mysql密码，123456
mysql_secure_installation
授权
# 进入mysql
mysql -uroot -p123456# 创建用户
create user "backup"@"%" identified by '123456';# 授权
grant replication slave on *.* to "backup"@"%" identified by "123456";
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';# 刷新权限
flush privileges;# 查询Log_file，log_pos
show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 1947 | | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)# 从库连接主库，MASTER_LOG_FILE与MASTER_LOG_POS的值由主库信息获得
change master to
MASTER_HOST='192.168.100.134',
MASTER_USER='backup',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
MASTER_LOG_POS=1947;# 开启复制
start slave;# 查看slave状态，Slave_IO_Running，Slave_SQL_Running的状态要为Yes
show slave status \G;
虚拟网卡
# 添加虚拟网卡（回环地址）
cat >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo:0 << EOF
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.200
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
ONBOOT=yes
EOF# 重启网络
systemctl restart network# 查看是否有虚拟ip
ip a
写入路由指向
# 下载网络工具
yum -y install net-tools# 添加路由信息
route add -host 192.168.100.200 dev lo:0
调整/proc内核参数，关闭ARP响应
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
EOFsysctl -p
3.slave1
配置ip：192.168.100.134
关闭防护墙，selinux
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
下载mariadb
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
编辑mariadb配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
添加以下内容
# 标识（0-65535范围）
server-id=3# 配置中继日志名称
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin# 配置排除的库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db=sys# 编码格式
init-connect='SET NAMES UTF8'
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character-set-server=utf8
修改完成重启服务
# 重启服务
systemctl restart mariadb# 配置mysql密码，123456
mysql_secure_installation
授权
# 连接数据库
mysql -uroot -p123456# 授权
grant all privileges on *.* to "root"@"%" identified by "123456"; # 刷新权限
flush privileges;# 从库连接主库，MASTER_LOG_FILE与MASTER_LOG_POS的值由主库信息获得
change master to
MASTER_HOST='192.168.100.131',
MASTER_USER='backup',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
MASTER_LOG_POS=1947;# 开启复制
start slave;# 查看slave状态，Slave_IO_Running，Slave_SQL_Running的状态要为Yes
show slave status \G;
4.slave2
配置ip：192.168.100.135
关闭防护墙，selinux
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
下载mariadb
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
编辑mariadb配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
添加以下内容
# 标识（0-65535范围）
server-id=4# 配置中继日志名称
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin# 配置排除的库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db=sys# 编码格
init-connect='SET NAMES UTF8'
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character-set-server=utf8
修改完成重启服务
# 重启服务
systemctl restart mariadb# 配置mysql密码，123456
mysql_secure_installation
授权
# 连接数据库
mysql -uroot -p123456# 授权
grant all privileges on *.* to "root"@"%" identified by "123456"; # 刷新权限
flush privileges;# 从库连接主库，MASTER_LOG_FILE与MASTER_LOG_POS的值由主库信息获得
change master to
MASTER_HOST='192.168.100.132',
MASTER_USER='backup',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
MASTER_LOG_POS=1947;# 开启复制
start slave;# 查看slave状态，Slave_IO_Running，Slave_SQL_Running的状态要为Yes
show slave status \G;
5.KI1
配置ip：192.168.100.137
关闭防护墙，selinux
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
下载keepalived和ipvsadm
yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
备份默认配置文件
cp -p /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
删除原有文件，创建新内容
# 删除原有文件
rm -rf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf # 创建新文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
添加以下内容
! Configuration File for keepalived# 配置双机热备（主）
lobal_defs {router_id 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {state MASTERinterface ens33virtual_router_id 1priority 120advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 123456}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.100.200}
}# 虚拟服务器ip及mysql地址
virtual_server 192.168.100.200 3306 {delay_loop 15lb_algo rrlb_kind DRprotocol TCPreal_server 192.168.100.131 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_port 3306connect_timeout 3nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 4}}real_server 192.168.100.132 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_port 3306connect_timeout 3nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 4}}
}
启动keepalived
systemctl start keepalived
服务模块
# 加载系统内核的服务模块
modprobe ip_vs# 查看运行状态
lsmod | grep ip_vs
下载net网络工具
yum -y install net-tools
查看网卡信息
# 停用物理网卡
ifconfig ens33 down# 启动物理网卡（如在连接工具上，需到虚拟机上启动）
ifconfig ens33 up# 查看网卡信息（在ens33网卡下是否有ip：192.168.100.200）
ip a
LVS-DR群集策略
# 查看策略
ipvsadm -ln
6.KI2
配置ip：192.168.100.138
关闭防护墙，selinux
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
下载keepalived和ipvsadm
yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
备份默认配置文件
cp -p /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
添加以下内容
! Configuration File for keepalived# 配置双机热备（备）
lobal_defs {router_id 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUPinterface ens33virtual_router_id 1priority 100advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 123456}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.100.200}
}# 虚拟服务器ip及mysql地址
virtual_server 192.168.100.200 3306 {delay_loop 15lb_algo rrlb_kind DRprotocol TCPreal_server 192.168.100.131 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_port 3306connect_timeout 3nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 4}}real_server 192.168.100.132 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_port 3306connect_timeout 3nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 4}}
}
启动keepalived
systemctl start keepalived
服务模块
# 加载系统内核的服务模块
modprobe ip_vs# 查看运行状态
lsmod | grep ip_vs
下载net网络工具
yum -y install net-tools
查看网卡信息
# 停用物理网卡
ifconfig ens33 down# 启动物理网卡（如在连接工具上，需到虚拟机上启动）
ifconfig ens33 up# 查看网卡信息（在ens33网卡下是否有ip：192.168.100.200）
ip a
LVS-DR群集策略
# 查看策略
ipvsadm -ln
三、检验
可自行添加一台web服务器，连接虚拟ip，开启KI1或KI2的防火墙进行检测
或者，开启KI1的防火墙，查看ip是否跳转到KI2上