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完整的k8s搭建服务器流程

2025/4/8 9:45:30 来源：https://blog.csdn.net/ownfire/article/details/141895888  浏览:  次   关键词：完整的k8s搭建服务器流程

1、禁用selinux

#临时禁用
setenforce 0
#永久禁用
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
#检查selinux是否已禁用
sestatus

2、禁用交换分区

#命令行临时禁用
swapoff -a
#永久禁用
vim /etc/fstab
注释掉有swap字样的那行，重启

3、允许iptables转发、启用br_netfilter模块

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOFcat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOFsysctl --system

4、修改hostname，使每台服务器的hostname唯一

hostnamectl set-hostname xxxxx

5、安装docker

centos

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache fast && yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

ubuntu

apt install -y  apt-transport-https ca-certificates
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt update && apt install -y docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

debian

apt install -y  apt-transport-https ca-certificates
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | apt-key add -
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt update && apt install -y docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

修改docker配置

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{"registry-mirrors": ["http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/","http://docker.jx42.com","https://0c105db5188026850f80c001def654a0.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com","https://5tqw56kt.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://docker.1panel.live","http://mirror.azure.cn/","https://hub.rat.dev/","https://docker.ckyl.me/","https://docker.chenby.cn","https://docker.hpcloud.cloud"],"exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOFsystemctl restart docker

修改containerd配置

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i 's/registry.k8s.io\/pause:3.8/registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers\/pause:3.9/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml 
或者
sed -i 's/registry.k8s.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml systemctl restart containerd

修改containerd镜像源

vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]endpoint = ["https://atomhub.openatom.cn"][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io/library"]endpoint = ["https://atomhub.openatom.cn/library"][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."registry.k8s.io"]endpoint = ["https://registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers"]

6、安装cri-docker

wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.15/cri-dockerd-0.3.15.amd64.tgz
tar -xf cri-dockerd-0.3.15.amd64.tgz
cp cri-dockerd/cri-dockerd /usr/bin/cri-dockerd
curl https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/raw/master/packaging/systemd/cri-docker.service -L -o /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/master/packaging/systemd/cri-docker.socket -L -o /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.socket #修改cri-docker配置
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
#修改ExecStart加上pod-infra-container-image参数
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --container-runtime-endpoint fd:// --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start cri-docker#查看cri-docker信息
crictl --runtime-endpoint unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock info

7、安装kubernetes

centos

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum makecache
yum list --showduplicates kubectl
yum install -y kubelet-1.28.2-0 kubeadm-1.28.2-0 kubectl-1.28.2-0

ubuntu

apt update && apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add - 
cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt update
apt-cache madison kubectl
apt install -y kubelet=1.28.2-00 kubeadm=1.28.2-00 kubectl=1.28.2-00

设置所有组件自启动

systemctl enable containerd
systemctl status docker
systemctl status cri-docker
systemctl enable kubelet

8、初始化master节点

#先拉取镜像
kubeadm config images pull \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.28.2 \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock*如果拉取镜像很慢或者觉得有问题存在，可以查看服务日志
查看cri-docker服务日志
journalctl -xefu cri-docker#开始初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=服务器内网ip地址 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.28.2 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock#重置集群为未初始化
kubeadm reset -f \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock#注意，如果想跳过cri-docker，直接让k8s跟container通信，只需要变更一个参数
--cri-socket=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock

环境变量配置

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown ${id -u}:${id -g} $HOME/.kube/config
echo export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf >> /etc/profilesystemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet

检查一下两个配置文件，如果不存在的话，用下面的内容保存

/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist

{"name": "cbr0","cniVersion": "0.3.1","plugins": [{"type": "flannel","delegate": {"hairpinMode": true,"isDefaultGateway": true}},{"type": "portmap","capabilities": {"portMappings": true}}]
}

/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
# This is a file that "kubeadm init" and "kubeadm join" generates at runtime, populating the KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS variable dynamically
EnvironmentFile=-/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
# This is a file that the user can use for overrides of the kubelet args as a last resort. Preferably, the user should use
# the .NodeRegistration.KubeletExtraArgs object in the configuration files instead. KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS should be sourced from this file.
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/kubelet
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

如果新建了这两个配置文件任意一个，需要重启

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet

9、其他节点加入集群

添加worker节点

#在worker节点上检查文件，不存在就从master上拷贝过来
/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf#worker节点也要做环境变量配置，这样就可以在worker节点上使用kubectl命令了
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown ${id -u}:${id -g} $HOME/.kube/config
echo export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf >> /etc/profile
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet#在master服务器上运行命令
kubeadm token create --print-join-command这将生成一个 kubeadm join 命令，将上面生成的命令复制并在新的 Worker 节点上执行。这将使新的节点以 Worker 的身份加入集群
*注意，需要在生成的kubeadm join 命令后面再加cri-socket参数，例如kubeadm join 10.1.3.178:6443 --token z994lz.s0ogba045j84195c --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:89d69bc4b7c03bc8328713794c7aa4af798b0e65a64021a329bb9bf1d7afd23e --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

添加其他master节点

和添加worker节点操作一样，只是在join命令时多加一个参数--control-plane，例如
kubeadm join 10.1.3.178:6443 --token z994lz.s0ogba045j84195c --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:89d69bc4b7c03bc8328713794c7aa4af798b0e65a64021a329bb9bf1d7afd23e --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --control-plane*注意，集群要建立多master节点的话，还需要创建证书并共享到每个master节点
@todo

查看所有已加入集群的节点

kubectl get nodes

会看到节点都是NotReady状态，需要安装网络插件

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml检查一下/opt/cni/bin/目录下是否有完整的cni-plugins的可执行文件，例如可能没有portmap，没有的话下载
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.5.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.5.1.tgz
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.5.1.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
systemctl restart kubelet安装后，多等一会
kubectl get nodes
节点就是Ready了

10、彻底删除k8s

#停止K8S
systemctl stop kubelet
systemctl stop cri-docker
systemctl stop docker.socket
systemctl stop docker#清空K8S集群设置
kubeadm reset -f --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock#删除K8S相关软件
yum -y remove kubelet kubeadm kubectl docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras#手动删除所有镜像、容器和卷
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd#彻底删除相关文件
rm -rf $HOME/.kube ~/.kube/ /etc/kubernetes/ /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service /usr/bin/kube* /etc/cni /opt/cni /var/lib/etcd /etc/docker/daemon.json

11、一些有用命令

#用container命令行查看镜像列表
ctr image list#查看container下k8s拉取的镜像
ctr -n k8s.io image list#用cri-docker命令行查看镜像列表
crictl --runtime-endpoint unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock image#强制删除某个pod
kubectl delete pod <pod>  -n <namespace> --grace-period=0 --force

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