Linux7.9从0开始安装Oracle数据库

Linux7.6从0开始安装Oracle数据库

1、环境准备

资源清单

资源列表	配置
CPU	4U
内存	8G
硬盘	200G
操作系统	CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
oracle安装	Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip，Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

安装前准备

1、更新yum

如果是新系统，这里会提示有很多需要更新的内容，等待更新完毕即可，我这边已经操作过，因此显示没有packages需要更新了。

[root@localhost app]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
No packages marked for update

2、安装oracle安装所需依赖

[root@localhost app]# yum install -y binutils compat-gcc* compat-glibc* compat-libcap1 compat-libstd* compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel*.i686 glibc-headers glibc.i686 glibc*.i686 ksh libaio libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel*.i686 libaio.i686 libaio*.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++*.i686 libXp make numactl sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 unixODBC*.i686
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Package binutils-2.27-44.base.el7_9.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-gcc-44-c++-4.4.7-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-gcc-44-gfortran-4.4.7-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-gcc-44-4.4.7-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:compat-glibc-2.12-4.el7.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:compat-glibc-headers-2.12-4.el7.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package elfutils-libelf-0.176-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package elfutils-libelf-devel-0.176-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-2.17-326.el7_9.3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-common-2.17-326.el7_9.3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-devel-2.17-326.el7_9.3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-devel-2.17-326.el7_9.3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-devel-2.17-326.el7_9.3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-headers-2.17-326.el7_9.3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-2.17-326.el7_9.3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-devel-2.17-326.el7_9.3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-2.17-326.el7_9.3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-static-2.17-326.el7_9.3.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-static-4.8.5-44.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package libXp-1.0.2-2.1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:make-3.82-24.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package numactl-2.0.12-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package sysstat-10.1.5-20.el7_9.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package unixODBC-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-14.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package unixODBC-2.3.1-14.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Package unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-14.el7.i686 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-144.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Conflict: ksh-20120801-144.el7_9.x86_64 conflicts pdksh
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: ksh conflicts with pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problemYou could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

最后的错误是因为我安装了pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64 导致的，因为在安装oracle数据库的时候需要，如果有需要的朋友可以留言或者是手动从互联网下载；可以忽略此错误，在准备此环境的时候，是不会出现此错误的

3、关闭防火墙

[root@localhost app]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost app]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

4、上传oracle安装文件
我上传的路径是/app

[root@localhost app]# rz
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer.  Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip...100% 1124320 KB    38769 KB/sec    00:00:29       0 Errors  
Transferring p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip...100% 1362873 KB    38939 KB/sec    00:00:35       0 Errors  

5、用户，用户组准备

在root用户下执行

[root@localhost app]# groupadd dba 
[root@localhost app]# groupadd oper
[root@localhost app]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost app]# useradd oracle
[root@localhost app]# usermod -a -G dba,oper,oinstall username

为了确保oracle用户在争取的组中，可以使用 id oracle检查

[root@localhost app]# id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1003(oracle) groups=1003(oracle),1000(dba),1001(oper),1002(oinstall)

也可以在oracle用户下查看自己所在组织

[oracle@localhost ~]$ groups
oracle dba oper oinstall

6.创建安装目录

[root@localhost app]# mkdir -p /oracle/product
[root@localhost app]# mkdir -p /oracle/product/OraHome
[root@localhost app]# mkdir -p /oracle/oraInventory
[root@localhost app]# mkdir -p /oracle/oradata
[root@localhost app]# mkdir -p /var/opt/oracle

7.设置目录的所有者所属组和权限

[root@localhost app]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle
[root@localhost app]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle/oradata
[root@localhost app]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle/product/OraHome
[root@localhost app]# chown -R oracle.dba /oracle/oraInventory
[root@localhost app]# chown oracle.dba /var/opt/oracle
[root@localhost app]# chmod -R 775 /oracle
[root@localhost app]# chmod -R 755 /var/opt/oracle

8、设置用户oracle的环境变量

切换到oralce用户下

[root@localhost app]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

新增以下内容

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/OraHome
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_TERM=vt100
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin:$PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin; export PATH
PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin; export PATH

完整文件内容为

# .bash_profile# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then. ~/.bashrc
fi# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATH
# 新增内容
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/OraHome
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_TERM=vt100
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin:$PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin; export PATH
PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin; export PATH

9、修改/etc/sysctl.conf

切换到root用户执行，新增以下内容

fs.suid_dumpable = 1
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

注意 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 和机器的内存有关，安装时如出现问题，可以进行调整；
sysctl 生效

[root@localhost mrduan]# /sbin/sysctl -p

10、提高性能 修改 /etc/security/limits.conf

[root@localhost mrduan]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

接入以下内容

oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  4096
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack   10240

11、修改参数 /etc/selinux/config

[root@localhost mrduan]# vim /etc/selinux/config

修改以下内容

SELINUX=disabled

12、修改属性文件 /etc/profile

[root@localhost mrduan]# vim /etc/profile

在最后加入以下内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi 
fi 

配置生效

[root@localhost mrduan]# source /etc/profile

13、解压文件并赋写权限给oracle用户

[root@localhost app]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@localhost app]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip[root@localhost app]# chown -R oracle database
[root@localhost app]# chgrp -R oinstall database

14、准备linux桌面

因为在执行oracle安装的时候需要使用图形界面，所以需要准备linux，如果有朋友知道可以不使用图形界面安装的可以留言让我学习以下！

在root用户下执行，静等安装完成就可以了

[root@localhost app]# yum groupinstall “GNOME Desktop” “Graphical Administration Tools”

安装完成之后，此时系统默认还是命令行模式，可以切换到砖面模式

[root@localhost app]#  systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.

如果在安装完oracle之后切换回命令行模式，可以执行

[root@localhost app]#  systemctl set-default multi-user.target

通过get-default可以检查下次激动的到底时什么

[root@localhost app]# systemctl get-default
graphical.target

这里 graphical.target表示图形桌面，multi-user.target表示命令行（多用户）

接下来仍需要重启方可生效

[root@localhost app]# reboot

到此安装前的准备工作完成，接下来开始数据库安装工作

2.Oracle数据库安装

2.1 数据库软件安装

1、打开Linux桌面使用oracle用户登录

输入密码登录之后，在桌面右键打开命令行

切换到数据库的上传目录/app/database

[oracle@localhost app]$ ll
total 2487200
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall        136 Aug 27  2013 database
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1395582860 Apr 28  2017 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1151304589 Apr 28  2017 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[oracle@localhost app]$ cd database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ll
total 44
drwxr-xr-x.  4 oracle oinstall   248 Aug 27  2013 install
-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall 30016 Aug 27  2013 readme.html
drwxr-xr-x.  2 oracle oinstall    61 Aug 27  2013 response
drwxr-xr-x.  2 oracle oinstall    34 Aug 27  2013 rpm
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall  3267 Aug 27  2013 runInstaller
drwxr-xr-x.  2 oracle oinstall    29 Aug 27  2013 sshsetup
drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall  4096 Aug 27  2013 stage
-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall   500 Aug 27  2013 welcome.html

2.执行安装命令

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller 

此时Linux桌面就回弹出安装的页面，需要我们一步一步操作；

第一步：

直接点击yes即可

第二步

忽略更新

第三步

选择只安装软件
第四步直接下一步

第五步

第六步

安装企业版

第七步

选择安装位置，请确保oracle用户对这些目录有读写全选

第八步

这个路径需要选择以下，默认时没有此路径的

第九步：数据库管员组选择

第十步：环境检查

安装环境检查，建议把这些问题解决了在继续安装，否则可能出现不可预知的错误

PRVG-1201 问题解决方案

PRVG-1201:05 kernel parameter"shmmax" does not have proper value on
node “localhost”[Expected=“2001152000”,current =
“3774873”:Configured=“3774873”].

参考安装准备的工作9即重新配置
实际根据详细提示信息修改即可！

kernel.shmmax = 2001152000

PRWF-7532:Package"pdksh"is missing 问题解决方案

Package:pdksh-5.2.14 -This is a prerequisite condition to test whether
the package"pdksh-5.2.14"is available on the system.
Expected walue :pdksh-5.2.14
Actual walue
: missing
Details.
PRWF-7532:Package"pdksh"is missing on node “localhost”
-Cause: A required package is either not installed or, if the
package is a kernel module,is not loaded on the specified node.
-Action: Ensure that the required package is installed and
available.
如果出现此问题，可以从互联网手动下载pdksh-5.2.14安装，安装前需要更新yum

如果你找不到pdksh-5.2.14安装包，也可以留言或者私信

全部问题解决之后，则可以看到

第十一步:程序安装

第十二步:执行启动脚本

需要切换到root用户下执行，建议新开一个终端

执行orainstRoot.sh

[root@localhost oraInventory]# pwd
/home/oracle/oraInventory[root@localhost oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh 
Changing permissions of /home/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /home/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

执行root.sh

[root@localhost OraHome]# pwd
/oracle/product/OraHome
[root@localhost OraHome]# ./root.sh 
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/product/OraHomeEnter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 

这一步直接按回传即可

第十三步:安装完成

至此数据库安装完成

2.2配置数据库监听

在oracle用户下执行netca

[oracle@localhost database]$ netca

第一步

第二步

第三步

第四步

第五步

第六步

第七步

如果不在配置了点击finish即可

2.3创建数据库

在oracle用户下的终端执行（桌面）dbca

[oracle@localhost database]$ dbca

接下来就可以单出来配置页面

第一步：欢迎页面

第二步：创建数据库还是模板管理

第三步：选择根据哪个模板创建数据库

第四步：输入数据库名称

第五步：配置管理

第六步：修改数据库密码

第七步：存储位置，默认即可

第八步：配置Recovery位置

第九步：勾选sample

第十步：内存初始化和管理，勾选Use Automatic Memory Management

字符集配置

第十一步：配置说明，建议保存

第十二步：创建前的提示

第十三步：点击上一步的finish开始安装

警告信息：可以忽略

安装完成提示是否管理密码

至此，数据库实例配置完成！

验证实例是否安装完成

在浏览器输入：http://localhost:1158/em/

输入dba账号登录

通过PLSQL 登录

这样我们就可以对数据库进行使用了！