1. 环境信息：
| 角色 | 数据库 | IP地址 | 数据库版本 | 数据库名称 |
| 源端 | 单实例 | 172.30.21.191 | 19.7 | hfzcdb |
2. 安装准备
用rman备份数据库，再备份下oracle目录：
命令： tar zavf oracle.tar /oracle
19.25版本关于19C的补丁内容：
Oracle 19C Grid Database Release Update 19.25.0 Patch 36912597 15-Oct-2024
Oracle 19C Database GI Release Update 19.25.0 Patch 36916690 15-Oct-2024
Oracle 19C OJVM OJVM Release Update 19.25.0 Patch 36878697 15-Oct-2024
3. 安装步骤
下面演示一下 Oracle 19C RU 19.25 补丁的安装步骤。
3.1. 阅读 README 文件
首先需要查看补丁的 README 文件（解压补丁后即可获得），其中补丁的前置要求如下：
You must use the OPatch utility version 12.2.0.1.43 or later to apply this patch.
If you are using a Data Guard Physical Standby database, you must install this patch on both the primary database and the physical standby database.
If this is an Oracle RAC environment, install this patch using the OPatch rolling (no downtime) installation method as this patch is rolling RAC installable.
If this is not a RAC environment, shut down all instances and listeners associated with the Oracle home that you are updating.
翻译一下就是：
OPatch 版本大于 12.2.0.1.43
有 DG 的环境，DG 也要打补丁
RAC 环境可以滚动升级
单机环境需要关闭所有 oracle 相关的服务
3.2. 升级 OPatch
查看当前数据库的 Opatch 版本：
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch]$opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.17
OPatch succeeded.
备份之前的Opatch，
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1]$mv OPatch/ OPatch-bak/opatch 版本低于 43，需要下载最新的 OPatch 补丁替换，在 Patch 6880880 下载对应版本的补丁：
下载后上传到数据库主机，解压替换即可（这一步不需要停机，可以在线操作）：## 这里我上传到 /backup 目录，所以需要对目录进行授权
[root@hfzcdb91:/root]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /backup/## oracle 用户静默解压 opatch 到 ORACLE_HOME 目录下
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/home/oracle]$ cd /backup/
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup]$ unzip -qo p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME## 查看替换后的 OPatch 版本
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch]$opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.44OPatch succeeded.
升级完 OPatch 版本之后，需要进行安装前补丁冲突检查。
3.3. 冲突检查
首先需要上传 RU 补丁并解压：
## 这里我上传到 /backup 目录，所以需要对目录进行授权
[root@hfzcdb91:/root]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /backup/## oracle 用户静默解压 RU 补丁包
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup]$ unzip -q p36912597_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup]$ cd 36912597/## 检查冲突，一般是没有问题的
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.44
Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.PREREQ sessionOracle Home : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventoryfrom : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.44
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_16-15-38PM_1.logInvoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.OPatch succeeded.到这都没问题的话，就可以协商停机时间进行补丁升级了。
3.4. 补丁升级
前置工作都做完之后，补丁升级步骤其实很简单，RAC 滚动升级也可以使用这种方式：
-- 关闭数据库
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Dec 6 16:24:45 2024
Version 19.7.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.7.0.0.0SYS@hfzcdb> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.-- 关闭监听[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$lsnrctl stopLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 06-DEC-2024 16:27:54Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hfzcdb91)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully报错：Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
解决：
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/30783543/30869156]$fuser /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.19.1
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/30783543/30869156]$kill -9 13411
-- 静默安装补丁（确保没有 oracle 相关进程之后就可以安装补丁）
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply -silent
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.44
Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Oracle Home : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventoryfrom : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.44
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_16-29-47PM_1.logVerifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:Following active files/executables/libs are used by ORACLE_HOME :/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.19.1
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/lib/libsqlplus.so/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/bin/oracle
UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
Log file location: /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_16-29-47PM_1.logOPatch failed with error code 73
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$ps -ef|grep ora
root 20097 20006 0 10:02 pts/0 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 20099 20097 0 10:02 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 20158 20099 0 10:02 pts/0 00:00:00 rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
oracle 20159 20158 0 10:02 pts/1 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
oracle 20160 20159 0 10:02 ? 00:00:00 oraclehfzcdb (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
root 24283 24208 0 11:13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 24284 24283 0 11:13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 39035 24284 0 14:50 pts/2 00:00:00 rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
oracle 39036 39035 0 14:50 pts/3 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
root 43090 10228 0 16:00 ? 00:00:00 sshd: oracle [priv]
oracle 43094 43090 1 16:00 ? 00:00:22 sshd: oracle@notty
oracle 43095 43094 0 16:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
oracle 43214 43094 0 16:01 ? 00:00:09 /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
root 43409 43335 0 16:03 pts/4 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 43410 43409 0 16:03 pts/4 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 46534 43410 0 16:35 pts/4 00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle 46535 43410 0 16:35 pts/4 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$kill -9 20159
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply -silent^C
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$ps -ef|grep ora
root 20097 20006 0 10:02 pts/0 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 20099 20097 0 10:02 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 24283 24208 0 11:13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 24284 24283 0 11:13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 39035 24284 0 14:50 pts/2 00:00:00 rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
oracle 39036 39035 0 14:50 pts/3 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
root 43090 10228 0 16:00 ? 00:00:00 sshd: oracle [priv]
oracle 43094 43090 1 16:00 ? 00:00:22 sshd: oracle@notty
oracle 43095 43094 0 16:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
oracle 43214 43094 0 16:01 ? 00:00:09 /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
root 43409 43335 0 16:03 pts/4 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 43410 43409 0 16:03 pts/4 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 46571 43410 0 16:36 pts/4 00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle 46572 43410 0 16:36 pts/4 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply -silent
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.44
Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Oracle Home : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventoryfrom : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.44
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_16-36-13PM_1.logVerifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Start OOP by Prereq process.
Launch OOP...Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.44
Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Oracle Home : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventoryfrom : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.44
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_16-38-00PM_1.logVerifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches: 36912597Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
Y (auto-answered by -silent)
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1')Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
Y (auto-answered by -silent)
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying interim patch '36912597' to OH '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1'
ApplySession: Optional component(s) [ oracle.network.gsm, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.crypto.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.pg4appc, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.pg4mq, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.precomp.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.ic, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4db2, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.tfa, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.sdo.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.net.cman, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.oid.client, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.xdk.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.options.olap.api, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ons.eons.bwcompat, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4msql, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.network.cman, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4tera, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4ifmx, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4sybs, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ldap.ztk, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ons.cclient, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.options.olap, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.191.0 ] , [ oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.391.11 ] not present in the Oracle Home or a higher version is found.Patching component oracle.rdbms, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.util, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.assistants.acf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.assistants.deconfig, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.assistants.server, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.blaslapack, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.buildtools.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ctx, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.dbdev, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.dbjava.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.dbjava.jdbc, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.dbjava.ucp, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.duma, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.javavm.client, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ldap.owm, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ldap.security.osdt, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.marvel, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.network.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.odbc.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ons, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ons.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.oracore.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.perlint, 5.28.1.0.0...Patching component oracle.precomp.common.core, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.precomp.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.crs, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.deconfig, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.oci, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.scheduler, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rhp.db, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.sdo, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.sdo.locator.jrf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.sqlplus, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.sqlplus.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.wwg.plsql, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.xdk.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.javavm.server, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.xdk.xquery, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ctx.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ovm, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.oraolap, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf.lbuilder, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.rat, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.dv, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.xdk, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.mgw.common, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ldap.client, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.install.deinstalltool, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.rman, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.oraolap.api, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.dbtoolslistener, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.drdaas, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.hs_common, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.lbac, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.sdo.locator, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.dm, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ldap.ssl, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.xdk.parser.java, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.odbc, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.network.listener, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.ctx.atg, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.install.common, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.hsodbc, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.network.aso, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.locator, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.install.plugins, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf.core, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.oraolap.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.network.client, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.precomp.common, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.precomp.lang, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.201.0...
Patch 36912597 successfully applied.
Sub-set patch [30869156] has become inactive due to the application of a super-set patch [36912597].
Please refer to Doc ID 2161861.1 for any possible further required actions.
Log file location: /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_16-38-00PM_1.logOPatch succeeded.
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$
查看数据库已经升级完成：
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36912597]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch lspatches
36912597;Database Release Update : 19.25.0.0.241015 (36912597)
30805684;OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.7.0.0.200414 (30805684)
29585399;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)OPatch succeeded.
再升级 OJVM：
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup]$unzip -q p36878697_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
replace PatchSearch.xml? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: yes
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup]$cd 36878697/
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$ll
total 64
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 28 Sep 24 15:15 etc
drwxr-x--- 6 oracle oinstall 80 Sep 24 15:15 files
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 59526 Oct 15 12:01 README.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 11 Sep 24 15:15 README.txt
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.44
Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Oracle Home : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventoryfrom : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.44
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_17-06-13PM_1.logVerifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches: 36878697Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1')Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying interim patch '36878697' to OH '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1'Patching component oracle.javavm.server, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.javavm.server.core, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.rdbms, 19.0.0.0.0...Patching component oracle.javavm.client, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patch 36878697 successfully applied.
Sub-set patch [30805684] has become inactive due to the application of a super-set patch [36878697].
Please refer to Doc ID 2161861.1 for any possible further required actions.
Log file location: /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_17-06-13PM_1.logOPatch succeeded.
查看 ojvm 已经升级完成：
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch lspatches
36878697;OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.25.0.0.241015 (36878697)
36912597;Database Release Update : 19.25.0.0.241015 (36912597)
29585399;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)OPatch succeeded.3.5. 数据库升级,执行 datapatch：
Oracle 软件升级成功后，数据库本身也需要进行一些升级：
## 打开数据库
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Dec 6 17:12:14 2024
Version 19.25.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SYS@hfzcdb> startup
ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 2466247680 bytes
Fixed Size 8942592 bytes
Variable Size 973078528 bytes
Database Buffers 1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers 7831552 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.## 执行 datapatch 更新数据库
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/datapatch -verbose
SQL Patching tool version 19.25.0.0.0 Production on Fri Dec 6 17:14:27 2024
Copyright (c) 2012, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.Log file for this invocation: /oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/sqlpatch_53308_2024_12_06_17_14_27/sqlpatch_invocation.logConnecting to database...OK
Gathering database info...done
Bootstrapping registry and package to current versions...done
Determining current state...doneCurrent state of interim SQL patches:
Interim patch 30805684 (OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.7.0.0.200414 (30805684)):Binary registry: Not installedSQL registry: Applied successfully on 27-OCT-24 07.01.18.209121 PM
Interim patch 36878697 (OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.25.0.0.241015 (36878697)):Binary registry: InstalledSQL registry: Not installedCurrent state of release update SQL patches:Binary registry:19.25.0.0.0 Release_Update 241010184253: InstalledSQL registry:Applied 19.7.0.0.0 Release_Update 200404035018 successfully on 27-OCT-24 06.51.42.945421 PMAdding patches to installation queue and performing prereq checks...done
Installation queue:The following interim patches will be rolled back:30805684 (OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.7.0.0.200414 (30805684))Patch 36912597 (Database Release Update : 19.25.0.0.241015 (36912597)):Apply from 19.7.0.0.0 Release_Update 200404035018 to 19.25.0.0.0 Release_Update 241010184253The following interim patches will be applied:36878697 (OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.25.0.0.241015 (36878697))Installing patches...
Patch installation complete. Total patches installed: 3Validating logfiles...done
Patch 30805684 rollback: SUCCESSlogfile: /oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/30805684/23401476/30805684_rollback_HFZCDB_2024Dec06_17_15_46.log (no errors)
Patch 36912597 apply: SUCCESSlogfile: /oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/36912597/25871884/36912597_apply_HFZCDB_2024Dec06_17_16_57.log (no errors)
Patch 36878697 apply: SUCCESSlogfile: /oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/36878697/25797620/36878697_apply_HFZCDB_2024Dec06_17_16_56.log (no errors)
SQL Patching tool complete on Fri Dec 6 17:23:28 2024
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$3.6. 编译无效对象
升级过程中可能导致某些对象失效，所以需要重编译：
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$sqlplus / as sysdba @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sqlSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Dec 6 17:25:16 2024
Version 19.25.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.25.0.0.0Session altered.TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP UTLRP_BGN 2024-12-06 17:25:16DOC> The following PL/SQL block invokes UTL_RECOMP to recompile invalid
DOC> objects in the database. Recompilation time is proportional to the
DOC> number of invalid objects in the database, so this command may take
DOC> a long time to execute on a database with a large number of invalid
DOC> objects.
DOC>
DOC> Use the following queries to track recompilation progress:
DOC>
DOC> 1. Query returning the number of invalid objects remaining. This
DOC> number should decrease with time.
DOC> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM obj$ WHERE status IN (4, 5, 6);
DOC>
DOC> 2. Query returning the number of objects compiled so far. This number
DOC> should increase with time.
DOC> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM UTL_RECOMP_COMPILED;
DOC>
DOC> This script automatically chooses serial or parallel recompilation
DOC> based on the number of CPUs available (parameter cpu_count) multiplied
DOC> by the number of threads per CPU (parameter parallel_threads_per_cpu).
DOC> On RAC, this number is added across all RAC nodes.
DOC>
DOC> UTL_RECOMP uses DBMS_SCHEDULER to create jobs for parallel
DOC> recompilation. Jobs are created without instance affinity so that they
DOC> can migrate across RAC nodes. Use the following queries to verify
DOC> whether UTL_RECOMP jobs are being created and run correctly:
DOC>
DOC> 1. Query showing jobs created by UTL_RECOMP
DOC> SELECT job_name FROM dba_scheduler_jobs
DOC> WHERE job_name like 'UTL_RECOMP_SLAVE_%';
DOC>
DOC> 2. Query showing UTL_RECOMP jobs that are running
DOC> SELECT job_name FROM dba_scheduler_running_jobs
DOC> WHERE job_name like 'UTL_RECOMP_SLAVE_%';
DOC>#PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP UTLRP_END 2024-12-06 17:25:22DOC> The following query reports the number of invalid objects.
DOC>
DOC> If the number is higher than expected, please examine the error
DOC> messages reported with each object (using SHOW ERRORS) to see if they
DOC> point to system misconfiguration or resource constraints that must be
DOC> fixed before attempting to recompile these objects.
DOC>#OBJECTS WITH ERRORS
-------------------54DOC> The following query reports the number of exceptions caught during
DOC> recompilation. If this number is non-zero, please query the error
DOC> messages in the table UTL_RECOMP_ERRORS to see if any of these errors
DOC> are due to misconfiguration or resource constraints that must be
DOC> fixed before objects can compile successfully.
DOC> Note: Typical compilation errors (due to coding errors) are not
DOC> logged into this table: they go into DBA_ERRORS instead.
DOC>#ERRORS DURING RECOMPILATION
---------------------------0Function created.PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.Function dropped.PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看数据库补丁升级的版本：
SYS@hfzcdb> select action,comments from registry$history;ACTION COMMENTS
------------------------------ ------------------------------
BOOTSTRAP RDBMS_19.25.0.0.0DBRU_LINUX.X64_241010RU_APPLY Patch applied on 19.3.0.0.0: Release_Update - 190410122720RU_APPLY Patch applied from 19.3.0.0.0to 19.7.0.0.0: Release_Update- 200404035018jvmpsu.sql RAN jvmpsu.sql
APPLY OJVM RU post-install
jvmpsu.sql RAN jvmpsu.sql
ROLLBACK OJVM RU post-deinstall
jvmpsu.sql RAN jvmpsu.sql
APPLY OJVM RU post-install
RU_APPLY Patch applied from 19.7.0.0.0to 19.25.0.0.0: Release_Update- 24101018425310 rows selected.列出补丁升级的内容，内容较多，只列出了一部分：
[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OP[oracle@hfzcdb91:/backup/36878697]$/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/OPatch/opatch lsinventory |more
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.44
Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Oracle Home : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventoryfrom : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.44
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-12-06_17-29-36PM_1.logLsinventory Output file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2024-12-06_17-29-36PM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: hfzcdb91
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64Installed Top-level Products (1):Oracle Database 19c 19.0.0.0.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.Interim patches (3) :Patch 36878697 : applied on Fri Dec 06 17:08:36 CST 2024
Unique Patch ID: 25797620
Patch description: "OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.25.0.0.241015 (36878697)"Created on 24 Sep 2024, 07:15:03 hrs UTCBugs fixed:12565410, 12949919, 14112098, 15897884, 16799766, 17443054, 1875926019397646, 20875943, 22037067, 22873666, 23614160, 24701882, 2517317225881271, 26716835, 27015468, 28127287, 28209601, 28674263, 2877707328852334, 29224710, 29254623, 29372173, 29415774, 29445548, 2951212529540327, 29540831, 29707582, 29774362, 29942275, 29997959, 3013474630160625, 30408443, 30534662, 30674373, 30796980, 30855101, 3088944330895577, 31247838, 31306261, 31311732, 31335142, 31359215, 3139570831494420, 31668872, 31727233, 31776121, 31844357, 32032733, 3206969632124570, 32165759, 32167592, 32327208, 32523206, 32587721, 3289288333184467, 33223248, 33427267, 33563137, 33613833, 33805155, 3382288133863611, 33872610, 34006650, 34022133, 34149263, 34346865, 3445036634461697, 34473578, 34533150, 34604941, 34699616, 34786432, 3481720835021301, 35099674, 35239280, 35240410, 35309432, 35354098, 3535505835397949, 35480672, 35717077, 35806962, 35949725, 36021678, 3613812036210227, 36260537, 36365931, 36368005, 36405296, 36533029, 3668695836761847, 36866733, 37065931Patch 36912597 : applied on Fri Dec 06 16:48:18 CST 2024
Unique Patch ID: 25871884
Patch description: "Database Release Update : 19.25.0.0.241015 (36912597)"Created on 11 Oct 2024, 06:47:24 hrs UTCBugs fixed:10121473, 10123661, 1297945, 14570574, 14735102, 15878434, 1593175615959416, 16662822, 16664572, 16750494, 17275499, 17395507, 1742881617468475, 17562236, 17777718, 18534283, 18697534, 18943905, 1908074219138896, 19147630, 19226753, 19630878, 19697993, 19884953, 1995823920007421, 20044584, 20083476, 20289608, 20313356, 20319830, 2047954520661314, 20721183, 20867658, 20922160, 21119541, 21217621, 2123278621245711, 21374587, 21528318, 21533734, 21629064, 21639146, 2188835221965541, 22066547, 22252368, 22325312, 22387320, 22553815, 2258035522599382, 22725871, 22729345, 22748979, 22813401, 23020668, 2306646323094775, 23125587, 23220873, 23294761, 23296836, 23311885, 2360624123645975, 23734075, 23734111, 23763462, 24336782, 24356932, 2440875424559425, 24561942, 24596874, 24597536, 24669730, 24673201, 24687075
……36816302, 36822350, 36844157, 36847318, 36850140, 36852920, 3686047936885853, 36903861, 36905385, 36905587, 36908826, 36916250, 3692752036928879, 36942226, 36943142, 36955210, 36958975, 36982498, 3698858536995477, 37010561, 37034448, 37048709, 37057169, 37078302, 3708189137097367, 37110446, 37156413, 7391838, 8460502, 8476681, 9002767Patch 29585399 : applied on Thu Apr 18 15:21:33 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 22840393
Patch description: "OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)"Created on 9 Apr 2019, 19:12:47 hrs PST8PDTBugs fixed:27222128, 27572040, 27604329, 27760043, 27877830, 28302580, 2847067328621543, 28642469, 28699321, 28710663, 28755846, 28772816, 2878532128800508, 28808652, 28815557, 28847541, 28847572, 28870496, 2887104028874416, 28877252, 28881191, 28881848, 28888083, 28911140, 2892525028925460, 28935956, 28940472, 28942694, 28951332, 28963036, 2896877928980448, 28995287, 29003207, 29003617, 29016294, 29018680, 2902487629026154, 29027933, 29047127, 29052850, 29058476, 29111631, 2911245529117337, 29123444, 29125708, 29125786, 29129476, 29131772, 2913245629139727, 29146157, 29147849, 29149170, 29152603, 29152752, 2915463129154636, 29154829, 29159216, 29159661, 29160462, 29161923, 2916954029169739, 29170717, 29173618, 29181568, 29182920, 29183298, 2918609129191827, 29201143, 29201695, 29209545, 29210577, 29210610, 2921062429210683, 29213641, 29219627, 29224294, 29225861, 29229839, 2923593429242906, 29243749, 29244495, 29244766, 29244968, 29248723, 2924958329251564, 29255616, 29260224, 29261695, 29271019, 29273360, 2928209029282666, 29285453, 29285621, 29290235, 29292232, 29293806, 2929475329299830, 29307090, 29307109, 29311336, 29329675, 29330791, 2933929929357821, 29360467, 29360775, 29367971, 29368725, 29379299, 2937938129380527, 29381000, 29382296, 29391301, 29393649, 29402110, 2941193129413360, 29457319, 29465047, 3--------------------------------------------------------------------------------OPatch succeeded.
3.7. 回退 RU 补丁
这里适当介绍一下 RU 补丁的回退步骤，一般适用于升级后应用出现问题无法访问的情况：
opatch rollback -id 35943157同样的，需要先关闭数据库以及监听等 oracle 相关的资源，然后备份 ORACLE_HOME 之后，执行以上命令进行回退，回退成功之后，再次执行 datapatch 操作。