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getUniqueId是API 12提供的接口，用来获取当前Component的UniqueId。UniqueId为系统为每个组件分配的Id，可保证当前应用中的唯一性。
测试代码如下，分别在PageOne、PageTwo、PageThree三个Component的aboutToAppear打印各自的UniqueId:

  aboutToAppear(): void {this.test();}test(){let uniqueId: number = this.getUniqueId();console.info('pageTwo uniqueId == ' + uniqueId);}

完整代码如下：

@Entry
@Component
struct PageOne {build() {Row() {Column({ space: 10 }) {PageTwo()PageThree()}.width('100%')}.height('100%').backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)}aboutToAppear(): void {this.test();}test(){let uniqueId: number = this.getUniqueId();console.info('pageOne uniqueId == ' + uniqueId);}
}
@Component
export struct PageTwo {@State message: string = 'Hello World 2';build() {Text(this.message).id('PageTwo HelloWorld ').fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)}aboutToAppear(): void {this.test();}test(){let uniqueId: number = this.getUniqueId();console.info('pageTwo uniqueId == ' + uniqueId);}
}@Component
export struct PageThree {@State message: string = 'Hello  World 3';build() {Text(this.message).id('PageTwo HelloWorld ').fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)}aboutToAppear(): void {this.test();}test(){let uniqueId: number = this.getUniqueId();console.info('pageThree uniqueId == ' + uniqueId);}
}

运行后，日志输出如下所示：

10-24 10:14:56.135   46525-46525  A03D00/com.exa...simplme/JSAPP pid-46525             I     pageOne uniqueId == 3
10-24 10:14:56.136   46525-46525  A03D00/com.exa...simplme/JSAPP pid-46525             I     pageTwo uniqueId == 7
10-24 10:14:56.136   46525-46525  A03D00/com.exa...simplme/JSAPP pid-46525             I     pageThree uniqueId == 8